-
1 pena
f.1 shame, pity.da pena no poder hacer nada it's a shame o pity we can't do anythingel pobre me da pena I feel sorry for the poor chap¡qué pena! what a shame o pity!2 sadness, sorrow (tristeza).sentía una gran pena I felt terribly sad3 problem, trouble (desgracia).4 struggle.a duras penas with great difficulty5 punishment (castigo).le cayó o le impusieron una pena de treinta años he was sentenced to o given thirty yearsso o bajo pena de under penalty ofpena capital o de muerte death penalty6 embarrassment. (Caribbean Spanish (Cuba, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Venezuela), Central American Spanish, Colombian Spanish, Mexican Spanish)me da pena I'm embarrassed about it7 grief, regret, sorrow, heartache.8 penna, contour feather.pres.indicat.3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: penar.imperat.2nd person singular (tú) Imperative of Spanish verb: penar.* * *1 (castigo) sentence, punishment2 (tristeza) grief, sorrow3 (lástima) pity■ ¡qué pena que no podáis venir! it's a shame you can't make it!4 (dificultad) hardship, trouble\a duras penas with great difficultyhecho,-a una pena familiar in a bad waymerecer la pena / valer la pena to be worth while, be worth itsin pena ni gloria undistinguishedpena capital capital punishmentpena de muerte death penalty* * *noun f.1) pity2) sorrow3) penalty, punishment4) difficulty, trouble5) shame•* * *SF1) (=tristeza) sorrowtenía mucha pena después de la muerte de su hijo — she grieved a lot o was extremely upset after her son's death
•
alma en pena — lost soul•
dar pena, da pena verlos sufrir así — it's sad to see them suffer like thatme daba pena dejar España — I was sad o sorry to leave Spain
•
morir de (la) pena — to die of a broken heartsin pena ni gloria —
2) (=lástima) shame, pity¿no podéis venir? ¡qué pena! — you can't come? what a shame o a pity!
¡es una pena que no tengamos más tiempo! — it's a shame o a pity that we haven't got more time!, it's too bad we haven't got more time! (EEUU)
•
de pena, la economía va de pena — the economy is in a terrible state•
estar hecho una pena — to be in a sorry state3) pl penas (=problemas)a duras penas consiguió alcanzar la orilla — he only managed to reach the shore with great difficulty
4) (=esfuerzo)•
ahorrarse la pena — to save o.s. the trouble, save o.s. the bother *¿merece la pena visitar la catedral? — is the cathedral worth a visit?
no vale la pena que perdamos el tiempo discutiendo eso — it's not worth wasting time arguing about it
5) (Jur) sentenceel juez le impuso una pena de tres años de prisión — the judge sentenced him to three years in prison
bajo pena de muerte — on pain of death, on o under penalty of death
tiene prohibido hacerlo, so pena de ser expulsado — he is forbidden to do it, on o under penalty of expulsion
pena máxima — maximum sentence; (Ftbl) penalty
¡qué pena! — how embarrassing!
sentir o tener pena — to be o feel embarrassed, be o feel ill at ease
7) And (=fantasma) ghost* * *1)a) ( tristeza)tenía/sentía mucha pena — he was o felt very sad
me da pena verlo — it upsets me o it makes me sad to see it
b) ( lástima) pity, shamequé pena! — what a pity o shame!
es una pena que... — it's a pity (that)...
de pena — (Esp) terrible
estar hecho una pena — to be in a sorry o terrible state
vale or merece la pena — it's worth it
vale la pena leerlo/visitarlo — it's worth reading/a visit
no vale la pena intentar convencerlo — there's no point o it's not worth trying to persuade him
2) penas femenino plurala) ( problemas) sorrows (pl)me contó sus penas — he told me his troubles o (liter or hum) woes
a duras penas — ( apenas) hardly; ( con dificultad) with difficulty
b) ( penalidades) hardship3) (Der) sentencebajo or so pena de — (frml) on pain of (frml)
4) (AmL exc CS) ( vergüenza) embarrassmentquitado de la pena — (Méx) blithely, gaily
5) (Per) ( fantasma) ghost* * *= woe, distress, grief, regret, criminalisation [criminalization, -USA], grieving, woefulness, heartache, misery.Ex. 'The word's out: all departments have to cut their staffs by 10%' -- Her voice was weak and laden with woe.Ex. The reason for his distress seemed to have been twofold: he derived comfort from reading the roll and he would have found it very embarassing to admit at the end of his journey that he had lost it.Ex. This paper discusses the ways in which books may be used to help bereaved children to understand death and other aspects of grief.Ex. Spalding's regret is quite understandable, for few of those seeking to identify particular editions in the catalog will fail to be confused by the results of this decision.Ex. In our opinion, it is more relevant to focus on the Cuban government's criminalization of the unauthorized ownership of computers and its effective banning of the World Wide Web.Ex. The article 'Words of comfort: resources for the living and dying' reviews books on death and grieving for purposes of collection development in the area.Ex. In presenting this story, Amenabar has managed to avoid both saccharine sentimentality and easy woefulness.Ex. Lovelorn staff at a Japanese company can take paid time off after an upsetting break-up with a partner, with more ' heartache leave' offered as they get older.Ex. Perhaps Jane Austen was aware of this, for having stated the fact of the elopement briefly, she says airily: 'Let other pens dwell on guilt and misery, I quit such odious subjects as soon as I can'.----* a duras pena = with great difficulty.* alegrías y penas = pleasures and pains.* alma en pena = banshee.* arreglárselas a duras penas = muddle through.* avanzar a duras penas = flounder, grind on.* causar pena = cause + hurt.* chillar como alma en pena = scream like + a banshee, wail like + a banshee.* condenar a la pena de muerte = sentence + Nombre + to death, condemn + Nombre + to death.* contarle las penas a Alguien = sob + Posesivo + heart out to.* de puta pena = appalling, deplorable.* en pena = in grief.* ganarse la vida a duras penas = eke out + a living, scratch (out) + a living, scrape + a living, eke out + an existence.* gemir como alma en pena = wail like + a banshee.* gritar como alma en pena = scream like + a banshee, wail like + a banshee.* merecer la pena = be worth + the effort, be worthwhile, be worth + Posesivo + time, be worth it.* merecer la pena considerar más detalladamente = repay + full consideration.* merecer la pena el esfuerzo = repay + effort.* merecer la pena estudiar Algo = repay + study.* merecer la pena + Infinitivo = be worth + Gerundio, be worthy of + Gerundio, it + be + worth + Gerundio.* merecer la pena intentarlo = be worth a try.* merecerle la pena a Uno = be worth + Posesivo + while.* no merecer la pena = be no good.* no valer la pena = be no good.* parecer + merecer la pena + Infinitivo = seem + worth + Gerundio.* pena capital = capital punishment.* pena de muerte = death penalty, death row.* pena de prisión = custodial sentence, jail sentence.* que merece la pena = worthwhile.* que vale la pena = worthwhile.* salir adelante a duras penas = eke out + a living, scratch (out) + a living, scrape + a living, eke out + an existence.* sentenciar a la pena de muerte = sentence + Nombre + to death, condemn + Nombre + to death.* sentir pena por = feel + sorry for.* valer la pena = be not for nothing, be worth it, be worthwhile, be worth + the effort, be worth + Posesivo + time.* valer la pena leer Algo = repay + reading.* valerle la pena a Uno = be worth + Posesivo + while.* * *1)a) ( tristeza)tenía/sentía mucha pena — he was o felt very sad
me da pena verlo — it upsets me o it makes me sad to see it
b) ( lástima) pity, shamequé pena! — what a pity o shame!
es una pena que... — it's a pity (that)...
de pena — (Esp) terrible
estar hecho una pena — to be in a sorry o terrible state
vale or merece la pena — it's worth it
vale la pena leerlo/visitarlo — it's worth reading/a visit
no vale la pena intentar convencerlo — there's no point o it's not worth trying to persuade him
2) penas femenino plurala) ( problemas) sorrows (pl)me contó sus penas — he told me his troubles o (liter or hum) woes
a duras penas — ( apenas) hardly; ( con dificultad) with difficulty
b) ( penalidades) hardship3) (Der) sentencebajo or so pena de — (frml) on pain of (frml)
4) (AmL exc CS) ( vergüenza) embarrassmentquitado de la pena — (Méx) blithely, gaily
5) (Per) ( fantasma) ghost* * *= woe, distress, grief, regret, criminalisation [criminalization, -USA], grieving, woefulness, heartache, misery.Ex: 'The word's out: all departments have to cut their staffs by 10%' -- Her voice was weak and laden with woe.
Ex: The reason for his distress seemed to have been twofold: he derived comfort from reading the roll and he would have found it very embarassing to admit at the end of his journey that he had lost it.Ex: This paper discusses the ways in which books may be used to help bereaved children to understand death and other aspects of grief.Ex: Spalding's regret is quite understandable, for few of those seeking to identify particular editions in the catalog will fail to be confused by the results of this decision.Ex: In our opinion, it is more relevant to focus on the Cuban government's criminalization of the unauthorized ownership of computers and its effective banning of the World Wide Web.Ex: The article 'Words of comfort: resources for the living and dying' reviews books on death and grieving for purposes of collection development in the area.Ex: In presenting this story, Amenabar has managed to avoid both saccharine sentimentality and easy woefulness.Ex: Lovelorn staff at a Japanese company can take paid time off after an upsetting break-up with a partner, with more ' heartache leave' offered as they get older.Ex: Perhaps Jane Austen was aware of this, for having stated the fact of the elopement briefly, she says airily: 'Let other pens dwell on guilt and misery, I quit such odious subjects as soon as I can'.* a duras pena = with great difficulty.* alegrías y penas = pleasures and pains.* alma en pena = banshee.* arreglárselas a duras penas = muddle through.* avanzar a duras penas = flounder, grind on.* causar pena = cause + hurt.* chillar como alma en pena = scream like + a banshee, wail like + a banshee.* condenar a la pena de muerte = sentence + Nombre + to death, condemn + Nombre + to death.* contarle las penas a Alguien = sob + Posesivo + heart out to.* de puta pena = appalling, deplorable.* en pena = in grief.* ganarse la vida a duras penas = eke out + a living, scratch (out) + a living, scrape + a living, eke out + an existence.* gemir como alma en pena = wail like + a banshee.* gritar como alma en pena = scream like + a banshee, wail like + a banshee.* merecer la pena = be worth + the effort, be worthwhile, be worth + Posesivo + time, be worth it.* merecer la pena considerar más detalladamente = repay + full consideration.* merecer la pena el esfuerzo = repay + effort.* merecer la pena estudiar Algo = repay + study.* merecer la pena + Infinitivo = be worth + Gerundio, be worthy of + Gerundio, it + be + worth + Gerundio.* merecer la pena intentarlo = be worth a try.* merecerle la pena a Uno = be worth + Posesivo + while.* no merecer la pena = be no good.* no valer la pena = be no good.* parecer + merecer la pena + Infinitivo = seem + worth + Gerundio.* pena capital = capital punishment.* pena de muerte = death penalty, death row.* pena de prisión = custodial sentence, jail sentence.* que merece la pena = worthwhile.* que vale la pena = worthwhile.* salir adelante a duras penas = eke out + a living, scratch (out) + a living, scrape + a living, eke out + an existence.* sentenciar a la pena de muerte = sentence + Nombre + to death, condemn + Nombre + to death.* sentir pena por = feel + sorry for.* valer la pena = be not for nothing, be worth it, be worthwhile, be worth + the effort, be worth + Posesivo + time.* valer la pena leer Algo = repay + reading.* valerle la pena a Uno = be worth + Posesivo + while.* * *A1(tristeza): tenía mucha pena he was o felt very sadme da pena ver a esos niños pidiendo limosna it upsets me o it makes me sad to see those children begginga mí la que me da pena es su pobre mujer it's his poor wife I feel sorry forestá que da pena she's in a terrible stateno te imaginas la pena que me da tener que decírtelo you can't imagine how much it hurts me to have to tell youlloraba con tanta pena he was crying so bitterlysentí mucha pena cuando me enteré de su muerte I was very sad to hear of his death2 (lástima) pity, shame¡qué pena que no te puedas quedar! what a pity o a shame you can't stay!es una pena que no hayas seguido sus consejos it's a pity you didn't take her adviceese vestido le queda de pena that dress looks terrible o awful o dreadful on heren las fotos siempre salgo de pena I always look awful o terrible in photographs¿cómo te fue en el examen? — de pena how was your exam? — awful o terrible, how did you get on in your exam? — really badlyestar hecho una pena to be in a sorry o terrible state, be in a bad waysin pena ni gloria almost unnoticeduna película que pasó por las carteleras sin pena ni gloria a movie which came and went almost unnoticedpasó por la universidad sin pena ni gloria he had an undistinguished university careervale or merece la pena it's worth itmerece la pena leerlo it's worth readingno vale la pena intentar convencerlo there's no point o it's not worth trying to persuade himun museo que bien vale la pena visitar a museum which is well worth a visit o ( frml) which is worthy of a visitbien merece la pena correr el riesgo it's well worth the risk1(dolores, problemas): bebe para ahogar las penas she drinks to drown her sorrowssus hijos no le han dado más que penas her children have caused her nothing but sorrow o heartachete oigo a duras penas I can scarcely o hardly o barely hear yousubió a duras penas las escaleras she had great difficulty climbing the stairsllegaron a la meta, pero a duras penas they reached the finishing line, but only just o only with difficulty2 (penurias, dificultades) hardshippasamos muchas penas para pagarlo we suffered great hardship to pay for itpasaron grandes penas durante la expedición they underwent great difficulties o hardship during the expeditionC ( Der) sentenceel juez le impuso la pena máxima the judge gave him the maximum sentenceso pena de caer en repeticiones at the risk of repeating myselfCompuestos:afflictive punishmentdeath penaltylos que se oponen a la pena capital those opposed to the death penalty o to capital punishmentcorporal punishmentdeath penaltyfinecustodial sentenceD ( AmL exc CS) (vergüenza) embarrassmentle da una pena horrible hablar en público she's terribly shy o embarrassed about speaking in publicme da pena molestarlos a esta hora de la noche I feel awful o terrible o embarrassed disturbing you at this time of nightme puse roja de la pena I went red with embarrassmentquitado de la pena ( Méx); blithely, gailyE ( Per) (fantasma) ghost* * *
Del verbo penar: ( conjugate penar)
pena es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo
Multiple Entries:
pena
penar
peña
pena sustantivo femenino
1a) ( tristeza):◊ tenía/sentía mucha peña he was o felt very sad;
me da peña verlo it upsets me o it makes me sad to see it;
a mí la que me da peña es su mujer it's his wife I feel sorry for;
está que da peña she's in a terrible state
◊ ¡qué peña! what a pity o shame!;
es una peña que … it's a pity (that) …;
vale or merece la peña it's worth it;
vale la peña leerlo/visitarlo it's worth reading/a visit
2◊ penas sustantivo femenino plural
me contó sus peñas he told me his troubles;
a duras peñas ( apenas) hardly;
( con dificultad) with difficulty
3 (Der) sentence;
peña capital or de muerte death penalty
4 (AmL exc CS) ( vergüenza) embarrassment;◊ ¡qué peña! how embarrasing!;
me da mucha peña pedírselo I'm too embarrassed to ask him
peña sustantivo femenino
1 ( roca) crag, rock
2
b) (AmL) tb
pena sustantivo femenino
1 (castigo) punishment, penalty: fue condenado a pena de muerte, he was sentenced to death
2 (tristeza) grief, sorrow, sadness: es una pena que no vengas, it's a pity you're not coming
3 (dificultad) hardships pl, trouble
♦ Locuciones: estar hecho una pena, to be in a terrible state
merecer o valer la pena, to be worth: no merece la pena que lo hagas, it's not worth doing it
a duras penas, hardly
sin pena ni gloria, almost unnoticed
peña sustantivo femenino
1 rock, crag
2 (de socios, de amigos) club
3 fam (gente) people
(pandilla) gang
' peña' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
ay
- cáliz
- capital
- cicatrizar
- compensar
- condonar
- conmutar
- dar
- desgarrador
- desgarradora
- garrote
- horda
- lamentable
- lastimosa
- lastimoso
- merecer
- mortificar
- mortificarse
- pena
- pesar
- rebajar
- sentimiento
- so
- valer
- aliviar
- castigar
- causar
- consumir
- dolor
- enorme
- gemido
- grande
- herida
- hondo
- imponer
- indultar
- indulto
- inmenso
- lástima
- mal
- mitigar
- presidio
- prisión
- severidad
- suspirar
English:
bother
- capital punishment
- carry
- dear
- death penalty
- grief
- grieve
- hassle
- heart
- jail
- mope about
- mope around
- numb
- opposed
- pay
- pay off
- penalty
- prostrate
- remission
- retribution
- sentence
- shame
- sorrow
- term
- trouble
- try
- wail
- worth
- worthwhile
- against
- ashamed
- broken
- capital
- community
- death
- effort
- embarrassed
- embarrassing
- embarrassment
- hurt
- mortified
- painfully
- pity
- sort
- suspended
- well
* * *pena nf1. [lástima] shame, pity;es una pena (que no puedas venir) it's a shame o pity (you can't come);da pena no poder hacer nada it's a shame o pity we can't do anything;el pobre me da pena I feel sorry for the poor guy;me da pena ver lo pobres que son it's awful to see how poor they are;me da pena tener que irme ya I hate to have to leave already;¡qué pena! what a shame o pity!;¡qué pena de hijo tengo! what a useless son I've got!2. [tristeza] sadness, sorrow;sentía una gran pena I felt terribly sad3. [desgracia] problem, trouble;me contó sus penas she told me her troubles o about her problems4. [dificultad] struggle;pasaron grandes penas durante la guerra they suffered great hardship during the war;subimos el piano a duras penas we got the piano up the stairs with great difficulty;con mi sueldo mantengo a duras penas a mi familia my salary is barely enough for me to support my family;consiguieron llegar a duras penas they only just managed to get there5. [castigo] punishment;cumplió pena en la prisión de Alcatraz he served his sentence in Alcatraz;Formal [a menos que] unless pena capital death penalty;pena de cárcel prison sentence;pena máxima [jurídica] maximum sentence;[en fútbol] penalty;pena de muerte death penalty;pena de reclusión prison sentence6. CAm, Carib, Col, Méx [vergüenza] embarrassment;me da pena I'm embarrassed about it;me da pena molestar I'm terribly sorry to bother you;tengo pena de hablar con ella I'm too embarrassed to talk to her7. CompEsp Famdibuja/cocina de pena he can't draw/cook to save his life, he's useless at drawing/cooking;ese peinado le queda de pena that haircut looks terrible on her;Famhecho una pena in a real state;una película que merece la pena a movie that's worth seeing;vale la pena intentarlo it's worth a try;no merece la pena que te preocupes tanto there's no point you getting so worried;sin pena ni gloria without distinction;un jugador que pasó por el equipo sin pena ni gloria a player who had an undistinguished career in the team;el año acabó sin pena ni gloria it was a wholly unremarkable year* * *f1 ( tristeza) sadness, sorrow;da pena it’s sad2 ( congoja) grief, distress3 ( lástima) pity;es una pena it’s a shame o pity;¡qué pena! what a shame o pity!4 L.Am. ( vergüenza) embarrassment;me da pena I’m embarrassed5 JUR sentence6:no vale ono merece la pena it’s not worth it;a duras penas with great difficulty;so pena de on pain of;con más pena que gloria ingloriously;sin pena ni gloria almost unnoticed* * *pena nf1) castigo: punishment, penaltypena de muerte: death penalty2) aflicción: sorrow, griefmorir de pena: to die of a broken heart¡que pena!: what a shame!, how sad!3) dolor: pain, suffering4) dificultad: difficulty, troublea duras penas: with great difficulty5) vergüenza: shame, embarrassment6)valer la pena : to be worthwhile* * *pena n1. (tristeza) grief / sorrow / sadness2. (lástima) shame / pity¡qué pena! what a pity!3. (condena) sentence4. (problema) trouble / problemmerecer la pena / valer la pena to be worth it -
2 por
prep.1 because of (causa).por mí no te preocupes don't worry about me¿por qué? why?¿por qué lo dijo? why did she say it?¿por qué no vienes? why don't you come?¿por? (informal) why?se enfadó por tu comportamiento she got angry because of your behaviorlo hizo por amor he did it out of o for love2 (in order) to.lo hizo por complacerte he did it to please youlo hice por ella I did it for her3 by (medio, modo, agente).por mensajero/fax/teléfono by courier/fax/telephoneestuvimos hablando por teléfono we were talking on the phonepor escrito in writinglo cogieron por el brazo they took him by the armel récord fue batido por el atleta the record was broken by the athlete4 through.vamos por aquí/allí let's go this/that wayiba paseando por el bosque/la calle she was walking through the forest/along the streetpasar por la aduana to go through customs5 for (a cambio de, en lugar de).lo ha comprado por poco dinero she bought it for very littlecambió el coche por la moto he exchanged his car for a motorbikeél lo hará por mí he'll do it for me6 per.80 céntimos por unidad 80 cents eachmil unidades por semana a thousand units a o per weekuno por uno one by one20 kms por hora 20 km an o per hour7 for.baja por tabaco go down to the shops for some cigarettes, go down to get some cigarettesa por forvino a por las entradas she came for the tickets8 times, multiplied by.* * *1 (gen) for2 (a través de) through, by3 (calle, carretera) along, down, up■ íbamos por la calle cuando... we were walking along the street when...4 (lugar aproximado) in, near, round5 (causa) because of6 (tiempo) at, for7 (medio) by8 (autoría) by9 (distribución) per10 (tras) by11 (con pasiva) by12 (a favor de) for, in favour of, US in favor of13 (en calidad de) as14 (en lugar de) instead of, in the place of15 (multiplicado por) times, multiplied by■ tres por cuatro, doce three fours are twelve, three times four is twelve■ por caro que sea, lo voy a comprar no matter how expensive it is I'm going to buy it■ por viejo que parezca funciona even though it looks old, it still works\estar por hacer to remain to be done, not to have been done yetpor aquí around herepor lo tanto thereforepor lo visto apparentlypor más que + subjuntivo however much, no matter how muchpor mucho que + subjuntivo however much, no matter how muchpor mí as far as I am concerned¿por qué? why?por supuesto of coursepor tanto therefore, so* * *prep.1) for2) during3) by4) through5) along6) around7) per8) from9) because of10) instead of•* * *PREPOSICIÓN1) [causa]a) + sustantivo because of•
por temor a — for fear ofb) + infinc) + adj2) [objetivo]a) + sustantivo forb) + infinpor no llegar tarde — so as not to arrive late, in order not to be late
3) (=en favor, defensa de) forhazlo por mí — do it for me, do it for my sake
4) [elección]5) [evidencia] judging by, judging frompor lo que dicen — judging by o from what they say
por la cara que pone no debe de gustarle — judging by o from his face I don't think he likes it
por las señas no piensa hacerlo — apparently he's not intending to do it, it doesn't seem like he's intending to do it
6) [medio]7) [agente] by"dirigido por" — "directed by"
8) [modo] by•
por orden alfabético — in alphabetical order9) [lugar]¿por dónde? — which way?
10) [aproximación]por aquí cerca — near o around here
por la feria — round about o around carnival time
11) [tiempo]por la mañana siempre tengo mucho trabajo — I always have a lot of work in o during the morning
12) [duración] for13) [sustitución, intercambio] (=a cambio de) for; (=en lugar de) instead ofhoy doy yo la clase por él — today I'm giving the class for him o in his place
14) [representación]hablo por todos — I speak on behalf of o for everyone
interceder por algn — to intercede on sb's behalf, intercede for sb
vino por su jefe — he came instead of o in place of his boss
15) [distribución]80km por hora — 80km per o an hour
tres dólares por persona — three dollars each, three dollars per person
16) [en multiplicaciones]cinco por tres, quince — five times three is fifteen, five threes are fifteen
17) (=en cuanto a)por mí no hay inconveniente — that's fine as o so far as I'm concerned
por mí, que se vaya — as o so far as I'm concerned he can go, for all I care he can go
por mí, como si quieres pasar una semana sin comer — I don't care if you want to go for a week without eating
si por mi fuera, tú estarías trabajando — if it were o was down to me, you'd be working
18) (=como)•
tomar a algn por esposo/esposa — to take sb to be one's husband/wife19) [concesión]+ subjunpor (muy) difícil que sea — however hard it is o may be
por mucho que lo quisieran — however much they would like to, much as they would like to
por más que lo intente — no matter how o however hard I try, try as I might
20) [acción inacabada]+ infin21) ir (a) por algo/algn (=en busca de) to go and get sth/sbvoy por el médico — I'll go and fetch o get the doctor
voy a por él — [a buscarle] I'll go and get him; [a atacarle] I'm going to get him
solo van a por las pelas — * they're only in it for the money
¡a por ellos! — get them!
22) [en preguntas]por qué why¿por? * why (do you ask)?¿por qué no vienes conmigo? — why don't you come with me?
* * *1) ( en relaciones causales) because ofpor falta de dinero — because of o owing to lack of money
si no fuera por mi hijo... — if it wasn't for my son...
por + inf — for -ing
me pidió perdón por haberme mentido — he apologized for lying o for having lied to me
2) ( según)por lo que parece... — it seems o it would seem...
3) (en locs)¿por qué no vienes conmigo? — why don't you come with me?
por más que me esfuerzo — however hard o no matter how hard I try
por (muy) fácil que sea — however easy o no matter how easy it is
5)a) ( en expresiones de modo)colócalos por orden de tamaño/altura — put them in order of size/height
b) ( indicando el medio)por avión/barco/carretera — by air/sea/road
me enteré por un amigo — I heard from o through a friend
lo intenté por todos los medios — I tried everything possible o every possible way
c) (Educ) from6)cobra $30 por clase — he charges $30 a o per class
120 kilómetros por hora — 120 kilometers an o per hour
uno por uno — one by one; ciento II
b) ( en multiplicaciones)tres por cuatro (son) doce — three times four is twelve, three fours are twelve
7)a) (en relaciones de sustitución, intercambio, representación) forsu secretaria firmó por él — his secretary signed for him o on his behalf
yo puedo ir por ti — I can go for you o in your place
podrías pasar por inglesa — you could pass as English o for an Englishwoman
b) ( como)¿acepta usted por esposa a Carmen? — do you take Carmen to be your (lawful wedded) wife?
8) ( introduciendo el agente) by9) (expresando finalidad, objetivo)por + inf: daría cualquier cosa por verla — I'd give anything to see her
eso es hablar por hablar — that's talking for the sake of talking o for the sake of it
por que + subj ( here por que can also be written porque): estaba ansioso por que lo escucharan — he was eager for them to listen to him
10) (indicando consideración, favor) forpor mí no lo hagas — don't do it just for me o for my sake
11) (indicando inclinación, elección)12) ( en busca de)salió/fue por or (Esp) a por pan — he went (out) for some bread, he went (out) to get some bread
13) ( en lo que respecta a)por mí no hay inconveniente — I don't mind
por mí que haga lo que quiera — as far as I'm concerned, he can do what he likes
por + inf: tengo la casa por limpiar — I've got the house to clean
15) (esp AmL)estar por + inf — ( estar a punto de)
16) (indicando lugar de acceso, salida, trayectoria)¿el 121 va por (la) Avenida Rosas? — does the 121 go along Rosas Avenue?
¿por dónde has venido? — which way did you come?
¿puedes pasar por la tintorería? — could you call in at o drop by the drycleaner's?
17)¿por dónde está or queda el hotel? — whereabouts is the hotel?
¿qué tal te fue por Londres? — how did you get on in London?
por todos lados or por todas partes — everywhere
voy por la página 15 — I'm up to o I'm on page 15
c) ( indicando extensión)viajamos por el norte de Francia — we travelled around o in the North of France
pasa un trapo por el piso — give the floor a quick wipe; ver tb afuera, adentro, dentro, fuera, encima, etc
18) ( expresando tiempo aproximado)por aquella época or por aquel entonces — at that time
19) (Esp) ( indicando una ocasión) for20) ( durante) forpor el momento or por ahora — for the time being o for now; ver tb mañana III, tarde II, noche
* * *= across, along, around, because of, by, by, down, for the sake of, in connection with, in the gift of, on account of, on the grounds that/of, per, through, times, under, x, as a matter of, out of, through the agency of.Ex. This arrangement may facilitate browsing across different kinds of materials.Ex. This means that a large number of messages can be combined together along the same line, giving economies of scales.Ex. I wouldn't expect you to be detailed in your report in terms of where the bookmible would stop around town and where you'd park it.Ex. This makes him feel somehow defficient and all because of his difficulty in making sense out of words in print with which his troubles began.Ex. A set of government publications could be filed alphabetically by the issuing bureau, and then by title of the particular series in numerical order.Ex. Micrographic and computer technologies and their integration will become increasingly efficacious as agents for change with respect to the continued existence of the traditional 75 by 125 millimeter card.Ex. Some users find the format of KWIC indexes unacceptable, they find alphabetical arrangement by keywords down the centre of a page, and wrapped-round titles awkward.Ex. The advocates of ISBD originally argued that it was for the sake of the computer.Ex. There is an index to the schedules, but this has been criticised in connection with the size of the entry vocabulary.Ex. Its notability is seen to lie in the fact that it has significantly broken the stranglehold upon postgraduate studentships in the gift of the Science and Engineering Research Council.Ex. Partly on account of the variety of bases for coverage there is significant overlap between the assortment of abstracting and indexing services.Ex. AACR2 has been criticised on the grounds that it does not identify the cataloguing unit to which the rules refer.Ex. Indexing can thus be achieved at a detailed level, with often many terms per document, with almost no indexing effort.Ex. The contributions are input to the data base, then referred and any suggestion made by the referee are communicated through the data base to the editor.Ex. 4 days times 30 cents per day = 120 cents.Ex. One of the outcomes of entry under title has been the proliferation of serials titles.Ex. Card catalogues or indexes comprise a set of cards often 5x3 inches (122x72 mm), with each entry on a separate card.Ex. Most drivers stop at stop signs: Some do under duress -- there may be a policeman concealed in nearby bushes, others as a matter of prudence -- a fast car with the right of way can be injurious.Ex. But these and other interested people collected this type of books out of a mixture of curiosity and sentiment.Ex. This article argues that critical thinking, a long sought after goal in the US educational system, may be taught efficiently through the agency of library use instructions within the college environment.----* actuar por impulso = act on + impulse.* aprendizaje por medio del ordenador = computer-based learning (CBL).* aunque por otro lado = but otherwise.* búsqueda por medio de menús = menu-assisted searching.* coger por sorpresa = catch out.* Día + por la tarde = late + Día.* digamos por ejemplo = let us say.* dominar por completo = sweep + the board.* encontrar por casualidad = come across.* encuadernación por encargo = bespoke binding.* error por omisión = omission failure.* estar por delante de = be ahead of.* hecho por encargo = bespoke.* introducir por primera vez = pioneer.* leer por encima = browse.* llamar por teléfono = call up.* muy por encima de todo = over and above all.* Nombre + por primera vez = Nombre + ever.* ordenado por fecha = in date order.* pasar por alto = bypass [by-pass], skip over, pass + Nombre/Pronombre + by.* pongamos por ejemplo = let us say.* por accidente = accidentally.* por adelantado = advance, in advance (of), up-front [up front].* por ahí = out there.* por ahora = as of right now, as yet, at present, at the moment, at this point, for the present, for the time being, just yet, for now, at this time, as of now, at the present, by now, for the nonce.* por ahora todo va bien = so far, so good.* por alguna razón = for some reason, for whatever reason.* por algún motivo = for whatever reason.* por algún tiempo = for sometime.* por allí = nearby [near-by].* por amor al arte = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.* por analogía = by analogy.* por anticipado = in advance (of).* por antonomasia = quintessential, unique.* por añadidura = in addition (to), on top of everything else.* por aquel entonces = at the time, about that time, by this time.* por aquí = around here, nearby [near-by], round here.* por aquí y por allí = hanging about.* por así decir = as it were.* por boca de = by word of mouth.* por bondad = out of the goodness of + Posesivo + heart.* por buena dirección = a step in the right direction.* por buen camino = a step in the right direction.* por cabeza = per person.* por cable = wireline, corded.* por caminos apartados = off-road.* por capas = multilayered [multi-layered/multi layered], layered, tiered.* por casualidad = by chance, coincidentally, fortuitously, by accident, by happenstance, happen to + Infinitivo, chance to + Infinitivo, accidentally, by a fluke, by luck, by a stroke of (good) luck.* por chiripa = by chance, by a fluke, by luck, by a stroke of (good) luck.* por ciento = per cent [percent] (%).* por cierto = coincidentally, incidentally, by the way, anecdotally, by the by(e), speaking of which.* por coincidencia = by coincidence.* por comodidad = for convenience, for the sake of + convenience.* por completo = fully.* por confirmar = to be announced, to be confirmed.* por consideración a = out of respect for.* por consideración a = out of consideration for.* por consiguiente = consequently, then, thence, by implication, therefore.* por contra = in contrast.* por conveniencia = for convenience, for the sake of + convenience.* por correo = by post, mailed.* por cortesía de = courtesy of.* por cualquier motivo = for whatever reason.* por cualquier razón = for whatever reason.* por cuanto que = because.* por cuenta ajena = vicariously.* por cuenta de uno = privately.* por cuenta propia = freelance, self-employed, at + Posesivo + own expense.* por cuenta y riesgo de Uno = at + Posesivo + peril.* por curiosidad = out of curiosity.* por debajo de = below, beneath, underneath.* por debajo de + Cantidad = under + Cantidad.* por debajo de cero = sub-zero, below-freezing.* por debajo del 10 por ciento = single digit, single figure.* por debajo de la media = sub-par, below-average.* por debajo de las posibilidades = below + Posesivo + capabilities.* por debajo de lo normal = below-normal.* por debajo de lo óptimo = sub-optimal [suboptimal].* por debajo del peso nomral = underweight.* por décadas = ten-yearly.* por decidir = to be decided.* por decirlo así = so to speak, in a manner of speaking.* por decirlo de alguna manera = so to speak.* por decirlo de algún modo = in a manner of speaking, so to speak.* por decisión propia = by choice.* por defecto = by default, default.* por deferencia a = in deference to.* por definición = by definition.* por delante = ahead.* por delante de = ahead of.* por delante de la competencia = ahead of the game.* por delante y por detrás = front and back.* por dentro = inwardly.* por desgracia = unfortunately, sadly, unhappily, disappointingly.* por despecho = spitefully, out of spite.* ¡por dios! = in heaven's name, for God's sake, gosh.* ¡por Dios! = for crying out loud!.* por diversión = for sport, for fun, (just) for the hell of (doing) it, for kicks, (just) for the fun of (doing) it.* por divertirse = for kicks.* por doquier = all around.* por dos años = two-year.* por ejemplo = e.g. (latín - exempli gratia), for example, for instance, say, to illustrate, for the sake of + argument.* por (el) amor a = for the love of.* ¡por el amor de Dios! = for crying out loud!.* por el bien del saber = for knowledge's sake.* por el contrario = by contrast, conversely, however, in contrast, instead, on the contrary, by way of contrast, to the contrary, quite the opposite, by comparison, contrariwise, quite the contrary, quite the reverse.* por el cual = whereby, whereupon.* por el detalle = for detail.* por el día = by day, daytime [day-time], during the daytime, in the daytime, during daytime.* por el día o por la noche = day or night.* por el día y por la noche = day and night, night and day.* por elección propia = by choice.* por el gobierno = governmentally + Adjetivo.* por el gobierno federal = federally.* por el hecho de que = because of the fact that.* por el hombre = humanly.* por ello = on this basis, on that basis, accordingly.* por el mero hecho de saber = for knowledge's sake.* por el método de ensayo y error = by trial and error, trial and error.* por el modo = by the way.* por el momento = for the time being, momentarily, at the moment, for the nonce, for the present.* por el placer de hacerlo = (just) for the fun of (doing) it.* por el que se puede cobrar = chargeable.* por el receptor = at the receiving end.* por el sexo = gendered.* por encargo = custom, bespoke.* por encima = overhead, cursorily.* por encima de = across, beyond, beyond all, over, over and above, beyond the range of, well over + Expresión Numérica, overarching, above.* por encima de + Cantidad = in excess of + Cantidad.* por encima de eso = beyond that.* por encima del 10 por ciento = double digit, double figure.* por encima de la media = above average.* por encima de la tierra = aboveground.* por encima de toda crítica = beyond reproach, above reproach.* por encima de toda duda = beyond reproach, above reproach.* por encima de toda razón = beyond reason.* por encima de toda sospecha = above suspicion.* por encima de todo = at all costs, at any cost, at any price.* por ende = thereby, accordingly, therefore.* por enfado = out of anger.* por enojo = out of anger.* por error = by mistake.* por esa razón = thereby, for that reason.* por escrito = in writing, in print, written.* por eso = on that score, therefore.* por eso que = hence.* por esta razón = for this reason.* por esta única razón = for this reason alone.* por este motivo = for this reason.* por esto = thus, accordingly, therefore.* por etapas = staged.* por excelencia = par excellence, quintessential, unique.* por exceso = excessively, to excess.* por explotar = untapped.* por + Expresión Temporal = by the + Expresión Temporal.* por extensión = by extension.* por extenso = in full, at length.* por falta de = for want of, for lack of.* por fases = staged.* por favor = please.* por favor, responda = RSVP [R.S.V.P.].* por fin = at length, at last, finally, at long last.* por fin llegó la hora (de) = it's about time (that).* por frustración = out of frustration.* por fuera = outwardly, outwardly.* por grupos = in batches.* por gusto = for kicks, (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.* por hora = hourly.* por horas = on an hourly basis.* por igual = alike, on an equitable basis, equally, in equal measure(s).* por imitación = copycat.* por incremento gradual = incremental.* por incrementos graduales = incrementally.* por individuo = per capita, per person.* por iniciativa de = at the instigation of, under the auspices of.* por instinto = instinctively.* por interés = out of interest.* por interés personal = self-interested.* por investigar = unresearched.* por invitación = invitational.* por invitación de = at the invitation of.* por la borda = overboard.* por la cantidad de + Número = amounting to + Cantidad.* por la forma = by the way.* por la friolera de + Cantidad = to the tune of + Cantidad.* por la fuerza = forcibly.* por la mala fortuna = by ill fate.* por la mala suerte = by ill luck, by bad luck, by ill fate.* por la manera = by the way.* por la mañana = in the morning.* por la mañana y por la noche = morning and night.* por la noche = overnight, at night, night-time, after dark, by night.* por la posibilidad de = at the prospect of.* por la presente = hereby.* por las buenas o por las malas = by hook or by crook.* por la sencilla razón = for no other reason.* por las nubes = soaring.* por la tarde = in the evening.* por ley = mandated.* por libre = freelance.* por línea telefónica = over the telephone line.* por lo general = on the whole, all in all, in general, generally, generally speaking, in the normal run of events, in the normal run of things.* por lo pronto = for the time being.* por lo que = so.* por lo que concierne a = as far as + Nombre + be + concerned, so far as + Nombre + be concerned.* por lo que concierne a Uno = on + Posesivo + side.* por lo que dicen todos = by all accounts.* por lo que es = in + Posesivo + own right.* por lo que incumbe a Uno = on + Posesivo + side.* ¡Por lo que más quieras! = for God's sake.* por lo que se refiere a = moving on to.* por lo que son = in + Posesivo + own right.* por lo que yo sé = to the best of my knowledge.* por los pelos = by the skin of + Posesivo + teeth, close call, close shave.* por los siguientes motivos = on the following counts.* por los suelos = in tatters.* por lo tanto = consequently, ergo, so, then, thereby, therefore, thus, it follows that.* por lo visto = apparently, apparently.* por mala fortuna = unfortunately, unhappily, sadly.* por mala suerte = by ill luck, by bad luck, by a stroke of bad luck, by ill fate.* por mal camino = astray.* por más que lo intento = for the life of me.* por materias = subject-based, topically.* por mecionar sólo unos cuantos = to mention only a few.* por medio = out of.* por medio de = by means of, by way of, in the form of, through, via, via the medium of, by dint of, through the agency of.* por medio de isótopos = isotopically.* por medio de otro(s) = by proxy.* por medio de una agencia = on a bureau basis.* por mencionar sólo algunos = to mention but a few of, to mention only a few.* por mencionar sólo unos cuantos = to mention but a few of, to name only some.* por mencionar sólo unos pocos = to name but a few.* por mencionar unos pocos = just to name a few.* por menús = menu-driven.* por méritos = meritorious.* por mes = per month.* por miedo de = for fear of/that.* por millones = in the millions, by the millions.* por mor de = because of, out of consideration for, out of respect for.* por motivo de = in the interest(s) of.* por motivos de = for the sake of, on grounds.* por motivos de + Nombre = for + Nombre's sake.* por muchas razones = in many ways.* por mucho que lo intento = for the life of me.* por mucho tiempo = for long, for long periods of time.* por muy + Adjetivo/Adverbio + Nombre + que + Subjuntivo = however + Adjetivo/Adverbio + Nombre + Verbo.* por muy + Adjetivo/Adverbio + que sea = however + Adjetivo/Adverbio.* por muy + Adjetivo + be = Adjetivo + though + Nombre + be.* por muy difícil que parezca = difficult though it may seem, difficult as it may seem.* por muy extraño que parezca = oddly enough, strangely enough, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange, funnily enough, funnily.* por muy increíble que parezca = incredible though it may seem, incredibly, incredibly enough, incredible as it may seem, although it may seem incredible.* por muy mentira que parezca = incredibly, incredible though it may seem, strangely enough, incredibly enough, incredible as it may seem, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange, although it may seem incredible.* por muy raro que parezca = strangely enough, oddly enough, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange.* por nada = for nothing.* por nada del mundo = for the life of me.* por nada or casi nada = at little or no extra cost.* por naturaleza = by nature, by definition, characteristically, natural-born, naturally, inherently.* por necesidad = of necessity, out of necessity.* por niveles = multilayered [multi-layered/multi layered], multilayer, layered, tiered.* por no decir algo peor = to put it mildly.* por no decir nada de = to say nothing of.* por no decir nunca = if ever.* por no decir otra cosa peor = to say the least.* por nombrar (sólo) + Número = to name (only) + Número.* por nombrar sólo unos cuantos = to name only some.* por nombrar sólo unos pocos = to name but a few.* por + Nombre = on a + Adjetivo + basis.* por no mencionar = not to mention.* por norma = as a rule.* por + Número + cosas = on + Número + counts.* por orden de = mandated.* por orden del congreso = congressionally mandated.* por orden de llegada = on a first come first served basis.* por orden numérico = in numerical order.* por otra parte = on the other hand, on the other side, on the flip side.* por otro lado = alternatively, however, on the other hand, on the other side, for another thing, on the flip side, on another topic, on another matter, on another note, on other matters.* por parejas = in pairs.* por parte de = on the part of.* por parte de uno = on + Posesivo + part.* por pasar el rato = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.* por pereza = lazily.* por + Período de Tiempo = for + Expresión Temporal.* por persona = per person.* por placer = for kicks, (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.* por poco dinero = cheaply.* por poco o nada = at little or no extra cost.* por poderes = by proxy.* por poner un ejemplo + Adjetivo = to take a + Adjetivo + example.* por poner un ejemplo sobre + Nombre = to take + Nombre.* por + Posesivo + cuenta = at + Posesivo + own expense.* por + Posesivo + parte = for + Posesivo + part.* por + Posesivo + propia cuenta = at + Posesivo + own expense.* por + Posesivo + (propia) naturaleza = in + Posesivo + nature.* por primera vez = first + Verbo, for the first time, for once.* por principio = on principle.* por principios = as a matter of principle.* por probar nada se pierde = nothing ventured, nothing gained.* por + Pronombre + mismo = all by + Reflexivo, by + Reflexivo.* por propia iniciativa = self-directed.* por pura curiosidad = just out of interest, (just) as a mater of interest.* por pura diversión = for kicks.* por puro entretenimiento = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.* por puro placer = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.* por qué = why.* por razones + Adjetivo = for + Nombre + purposes.* por razones de = for the sake of.* por razones de seguridad = for security reasons, for safety reasons.* por razones éticas = on moral grounds.* por razones morales = on moral grounds.* por razones personales = for personal reasons.* por + Reflexivo + cuenta = for + Reflexivo.* por rencor = out of spite.* por respeto a = out of respect for, out of consideration for.* por rumores = grapevine.* por rutina = routinely.* por sacos = by the sackful.* por satélite = satellite-based.* por segunda vez = a second time, the second time around, a second time around.* por seguridad = for safety reasons.* por semana = per week.* por separado = at different times, in isolation, separately, singly.* por ser + Adjetivo = as being + Adjetivo.* por sexo = along gender lines.* por si = in the chance that.* por si acaso = in case of, on the off chance, just in case, on spec, for good measure.* por si casualidad = in the chance that.* por si era poco = for good measure.* por si fuera poco = to boot, for good measure, to add insult to injury, to add salt to injury, to rub salt in the wound.* por si hace falta consultarlo en el futuro = for future reference.* por si las moscas = just in case, on spec.* por sí mismo = for its/their own sake, in itself, in + Posesivo + own right, itself, unto + Reflexivo, in and of + Reflexivo.* por sí mismos = in themselves.* por simple curiosidad = (just) as a mater of interest, just out of interest.* por si sirve de algo = for what it's worth [FWIW].* por sí solo = by itself, for its/their own sake, on its own, in and of + Reflexivo, in itself.* por sí solos = by themselves, in themselves.* por si + tener + suerte = on spec.* por sorpresa = unawares.* por su cuenta y riesgo = at + Posesivo + own risk.* por suerte = luckily, fortunately, happily.* por suerte o por desgracia = for better or (for) worse, by luck or misfortune.* por su naturaleza = by + Posesivo + nature.* por su papel = in its role.* por su parte = in + Posesivo + own right.* por su propia voluntad = of its own accord.* por su propio derecho = in + Posesivo + own right.* por supuesto = of course, surely, to be sure, certainly.* ¡por supuesto que no! = heaven forbid, heaven forbid.* por suscripción = subscriber + Nombre.* por su volatilidad = mercurially.* por su volubilidad = mercurially.* por tanto = consequently, ergo, so, then, thereby, therefore, thus, it follows that.* por teléfono = on the telephone, by tele(phone), over the phone, over the telephone.* por temas = topically.* por temor a = for fear of/that.* por temor a represalias = under duress.* por término medio = on average.* por toda la ciudad = citywide [city-wide].* por toda la Internet = Internet-wide.* por toda la nación = nationwide [nation-wide].* por toda la provincia = province-wide.* por toda la vida = lifetime [life-time].* por todas las instituciones oficiales = government-wide.* por todas partes = all over the place, everywhere, widely, all around, far and wide.* por toda una vida = lifetime [life-time].* por todo = all over, throughout, all the way through.* por todo el campus universitario = campus-wide [campuswide].* por todo el continente = continent-wide.* por todo el distrito = district-wide [districtwide].* por todo el gobierno = government-wide.* por todo el mundo = worldwide [world-wide], around the world, across the globe, around the globe, across the world, around the planet, the world over.* por todo el planeta = across the planet, planet-wide.* por todo el servicio = service-wide.* por todo lo alto = grandly, on a grand scale.* por todo + Lugar = up and down + Lugar.* por todo + Nombre de Lugar = across + Nombre de Lugar.* por todos conocido = well-known.* por todos lados = left, right and centre, far and wide.* por todos los medios = by all means.* por todos sitios = everywhere.* por triplicado = in triplicate.* por trueque = in kind.* por turnos = on a rotating basis, on a rota basis, on a rota system, on a rota.* por última vez = for the last time, one last time.* por último = finally, last, lastly, ultimately.* por último pero no menos importante = last but not least.* por una lado... por otro = at one end... at the other.* por unanimidad = unanimously.* por una parte = on the one hand, on the one side.* por un gran margen = by a huge margin.* por un gustazo, un trancazo = a kingdom for a kiss.* por unidad = per unit.* por un lado = for one, on the one hand, on the one side.* por un lado entra + Nombre + y por otro sale + Nombre = in go + Nombre + at one end, and out come + Nombre + at the other.* por un momento = for a moment.* por uno mismo = on + Posesivo + own, for + Reflexivo.* por unos momentos = for a few moments, for a short time.* por uno solo = solo.* por un período de tiempo limitado = on a short-term basis.* por un tiempo = for a time.* por un tiempo indefinido = for an indefinite time to come, for indefinite time.* por valor de + Cantidad = amounting to + Cantidad.* por varias razones = for a variety of reasons, for a number of reasons.* por varios motivos = for a number of reasons.* por venganza = out of spite.* por voluntad propia = voluntarily.* quedar por ver = remain + to be seen.* tirar dinero y esfuerzo por la borda = be money and effort down the drain.* transporte por tierra = land transport.* utilizar por primera vez = pioneer.* venta al por mayor = wholesaling.* * *1) ( en relaciones causales) because ofpor falta de dinero — because of o owing to lack of money
si no fuera por mi hijo... — if it wasn't for my son...
por + inf — for -ing
me pidió perdón por haberme mentido — he apologized for lying o for having lied to me
2) ( según)por lo que parece... — it seems o it would seem...
3) (en locs)¿por qué no vienes conmigo? — why don't you come with me?
por más que me esfuerzo — however hard o no matter how hard I try
por (muy) fácil que sea — however easy o no matter how easy it is
5)a) ( en expresiones de modo)colócalos por orden de tamaño/altura — put them in order of size/height
b) ( indicando el medio)por avión/barco/carretera — by air/sea/road
me enteré por un amigo — I heard from o through a friend
lo intenté por todos los medios — I tried everything possible o every possible way
c) (Educ) from6)cobra $30 por clase — he charges $30 a o per class
120 kilómetros por hora — 120 kilometers an o per hour
uno por uno — one by one; ciento II
b) ( en multiplicaciones)tres por cuatro (son) doce — three times four is twelve, three fours are twelve
7)a) (en relaciones de sustitución, intercambio, representación) forsu secretaria firmó por él — his secretary signed for him o on his behalf
yo puedo ir por ti — I can go for you o in your place
podrías pasar por inglesa — you could pass as English o for an Englishwoman
b) ( como)¿acepta usted por esposa a Carmen? — do you take Carmen to be your (lawful wedded) wife?
8) ( introduciendo el agente) by9) (expresando finalidad, objetivo)por + inf: daría cualquier cosa por verla — I'd give anything to see her
eso es hablar por hablar — that's talking for the sake of talking o for the sake of it
por que + subj ( here por que can also be written porque): estaba ansioso por que lo escucharan — he was eager for them to listen to him
10) (indicando consideración, favor) forpor mí no lo hagas — don't do it just for me o for my sake
11) (indicando inclinación, elección)12) ( en busca de)salió/fue por or (Esp) a por pan — he went (out) for some bread, he went (out) to get some bread
13) ( en lo que respecta a)por mí no hay inconveniente — I don't mind
por mí que haga lo que quiera — as far as I'm concerned, he can do what he likes
por + inf: tengo la casa por limpiar — I've got the house to clean
15) (esp AmL)estar por + inf — ( estar a punto de)
16) (indicando lugar de acceso, salida, trayectoria)¿el 121 va por (la) Avenida Rosas? — does the 121 go along Rosas Avenue?
¿por dónde has venido? — which way did you come?
¿puedes pasar por la tintorería? — could you call in at o drop by the drycleaner's?
17)¿por dónde está or queda el hotel? — whereabouts is the hotel?
¿qué tal te fue por Londres? — how did you get on in London?
por todos lados or por todas partes — everywhere
voy por la página 15 — I'm up to o I'm on page 15
c) ( indicando extensión)viajamos por el norte de Francia — we travelled around o in the North of France
pasa un trapo por el piso — give the floor a quick wipe; ver tb afuera, adentro, dentro, fuera, encima, etc
18) ( expresando tiempo aproximado)por aquella época or por aquel entonces — at that time
19) (Esp) ( indicando una ocasión) for20) ( durante) forpor el momento or por ahora — for the time being o for now; ver tb mañana III, tarde II, noche
* * *= across, along, around, because of, by, by, down, for the sake of, in connection with, in the gift of, on account of, on the grounds that/of, per, through, times, under, x, as a matter of, out of, through the agency of.Ex: This arrangement may facilitate browsing across different kinds of materials.
Ex: This means that a large number of messages can be combined together along the same line, giving economies of scales.Ex: I wouldn't expect you to be detailed in your report in terms of where the bookmible would stop around town and where you'd park it.Ex: This makes him feel somehow defficient and all because of his difficulty in making sense out of words in print with which his troubles began.Ex: A set of government publications could be filed alphabetically by the issuing bureau, and then by title of the particular series in numerical order.Ex: Micrographic and computer technologies and their integration will become increasingly efficacious as agents for change with respect to the continued existence of the traditional 75 by 125 millimeter card.Ex: Some users find the format of KWIC indexes unacceptable, they find alphabetical arrangement by keywords down the centre of a page, and wrapped-round titles awkward.Ex: The advocates of ISBD originally argued that it was for the sake of the computer.Ex: There is an index to the schedules, but this has been criticised in connection with the size of the entry vocabulary.Ex: Its notability is seen to lie in the fact that it has significantly broken the stranglehold upon postgraduate studentships in the gift of the Science and Engineering Research Council.Ex: Partly on account of the variety of bases for coverage there is significant overlap between the assortment of abstracting and indexing services.Ex: AACR2 has been criticised on the grounds that it does not identify the cataloguing unit to which the rules refer.Ex: Indexing can thus be achieved at a detailed level, with often many terms per document, with almost no indexing effort.Ex: The contributions are input to the data base, then referred and any suggestion made by the referee are communicated through the data base to the editor.Ex: 4 days times 30 cents per day = 120 cents.Ex: One of the outcomes of entry under title has been the proliferation of serials titles.Ex: Card catalogues or indexes comprise a set of cards often 5x3 inches (122x72 mm), with each entry on a separate card.Ex: Most drivers stop at stop signs: Some do under duress -- there may be a policeman concealed in nearby bushes, others as a matter of prudence -- a fast car with the right of way can be injurious.Ex: But these and other interested people collected this type of books out of a mixture of curiosity and sentiment.Ex: This article argues that critical thinking, a long sought after goal in the US educational system, may be taught efficiently through the agency of library use instructions within the college environment.* actuar por impulso = act on + impulse.* aprendizaje por medio del ordenador = computer-based learning (CBL).* aunque por otro lado = but otherwise.* búsqueda por medio de menús = menu-assisted searching.* coger por sorpresa = catch out.* Día + por la tarde = late + Día.* digamos por ejemplo = let us say.* dominar por completo = sweep + the board.* encontrar por casualidad = come across.* encuadernación por encargo = bespoke binding.* error por omisión = omission failure.* estar por delante de = be ahead of.* hecho por encargo = bespoke.* introducir por primera vez = pioneer.* leer por encima = browse.* llamar por teléfono = call up.* muy por encima de todo = over and above all.* Nombre + por primera vez = Nombre + ever.* ordenado por fecha = in date order.* pasar por alto = bypass [by-pass], skip over, pass + Nombre/Pronombre + by.* pongamos por ejemplo = let us say.* por accidente = accidentally.* por adelantado = advance, in advance (of), up-front [up front].* por ahí = out there.* por ahora = as of right now, as yet, at present, at the moment, at this point, for the present, for the time being, just yet, for now, at this time, as of now, at the present, by now, for the nonce.* por ahora todo va bien = so far, so good.* por alguna razón = for some reason, for whatever reason.* por algún motivo = for whatever reason.* por algún tiempo = for sometime.* por allí = nearby [near-by].* por amor al arte = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.* por analogía = by analogy.* por anticipado = in advance (of).* por antonomasia = quintessential, unique.* por añadidura = in addition (to), on top of everything else.* por aquel entonces = at the time, about that time, by this time.* por aquí = around here, nearby [near-by], round here.* por aquí y por allí = hanging about.* por así decir = as it were.* por boca de = by word of mouth.* por bondad = out of the goodness of + Posesivo + heart.* por buena dirección = a step in the right direction.* por buen camino = a step in the right direction.* por cabeza = per person.* por cable = wireline, corded.* por caminos apartados = off-road.* por capas = multilayered [multi-layered/multi layered], layered, tiered.* por casualidad = by chance, coincidentally, fortuitously, by accident, by happenstance, happen to + Infinitivo, chance to + Infinitivo, accidentally, by a fluke, by luck, by a stroke of (good) luck.* por chiripa = by chance, by a fluke, by luck, by a stroke of (good) luck.* por ciento = per cent [percent] (%).* por cierto = coincidentally, incidentally, by the way, anecdotally, by the by(e), speaking of which.* por coincidencia = by coincidence.* por comodidad = for convenience, for the sake of + convenience.* por completo = fully.* por confirmar = to be announced, to be confirmed.* por consideración a = out of respect for.* por consideración a = out of consideration for.* por consiguiente = consequently, then, thence, by implication, therefore.* por contra = in contrast.* por conveniencia = for convenience, for the sake of + convenience.* por correo = by post, mailed.* por cortesía de = courtesy of.* por cualquier motivo = for whatever reason.* por cualquier razón = for whatever reason.* por cuanto que = because.* por cuenta ajena = vicariously.* por cuenta de uno = privately.* por cuenta propia = freelance, self-employed, at + Posesivo + own expense.* por cuenta y riesgo de Uno = at + Posesivo + peril.* por curiosidad = out of curiosity.* por debajo de = below, beneath, underneath.* por debajo de + Cantidad = under + Cantidad.* por debajo de cero = sub-zero, below-freezing.* por debajo del 10 por ciento = single digit, single figure.* por debajo de la media = sub-par, below-average.* por debajo de las posibilidades = below + Posesivo + capabilities.* por debajo de lo normal = below-normal.* por debajo de lo óptimo = sub-optimal [suboptimal].* por debajo del peso nomral = underweight.* por décadas = ten-yearly.* por decidir = to be decided.* por decirlo así = so to speak, in a manner of speaking.* por decirlo de alguna manera = so to speak.* por decirlo de algún modo = in a manner of speaking, so to speak.* por decisión propia = by choice.* por defecto = by default, default.* por deferencia a = in deference to.* por definición = by definition.* por delante = ahead.* por delante de = ahead of.* por delante de la competencia = ahead of the game.* por delante y por detrás = front and back.* por dentro = inwardly.* por desgracia = unfortunately, sadly, unhappily, disappointingly.* por despecho = spitefully, out of spite.* ¡por dios! = in heaven's name, for God's sake, gosh.* ¡por Dios! = for crying out loud!.* por diversión = for sport, for fun, (just) for the hell of (doing) it, for kicks, (just) for the fun of (doing) it.* por divertirse = for kicks.* por doquier = all around.* por dos años = two-year.* por ejemplo = e.g. (latín - exempli gratia), for example, for instance, say, to illustrate, for the sake of + argument.* por (el) amor a = for the love of.* ¡por el amor de Dios! = for crying out loud!.* por el bien del saber = for knowledge's sake.* por el contrario = by contrast, conversely, however, in contrast, instead, on the contrary, by way of contrast, to the contrary, quite the opposite, by comparison, contrariwise, quite the contrary, quite the reverse.* por el cual = whereby, whereupon.* por el detalle = for detail.* por el día = by day, daytime [day-time], during the daytime, in the daytime, during daytime.* por el día o por la noche = day or night.* por el día y por la noche = day and night, night and day.* por elección propia = by choice.* por el gobierno = governmentally + Adjetivo.* por el gobierno federal = federally.* por el hecho de que = because of the fact that.* por el hombre = humanly.* por ello = on this basis, on that basis, accordingly.* por el mero hecho de saber = for knowledge's sake.* por el método de ensayo y error = by trial and error, trial and error.* por el modo = by the way.* por el momento = for the time being, momentarily, at the moment, for the nonce, for the present.* por el placer de hacerlo = (just) for the fun of (doing) it.* por el que se puede cobrar = chargeable.* por el receptor = at the receiving end.* por el sexo = gendered.* por encargo = custom, bespoke.* por encima = overhead, cursorily.* por encima de = across, beyond, beyond all, over, over and above, beyond the range of, well over + Expresión Numérica, overarching, above.* por encima de + Cantidad = in excess of + Cantidad.* por encima de eso = beyond that.* por encima del 10 por ciento = double digit, double figure.* por encima de la media = above average.* por encima de la tierra = aboveground.* por encima de toda crítica = beyond reproach, above reproach.* por encima de toda duda = beyond reproach, above reproach.* por encima de toda razón = beyond reason.* por encima de toda sospecha = above suspicion.* por encima de todo = at all costs, at any cost, at any price.* por ende = thereby, accordingly, therefore.* por enfado = out of anger.* por enojo = out of anger.* por error = by mistake.* por esa razón = thereby, for that reason.* por escrito = in writing, in print, written.* por eso = on that score, therefore.* por eso que = hence.* por esta razón = for this reason.* por esta única razón = for this reason alone.* por este motivo = for this reason.* por esto = thus, accordingly, therefore.* por etapas = staged.* por excelencia = par excellence, quintessential, unique.* por exceso = excessively, to excess.* por explotar = untapped.* por + Expresión Temporal = by the + Expresión Temporal.* por extensión = by extension.* por extenso = in full, at length.* por falta de = for want of, for lack of.* por fases = staged.* por favor = please.* por favor, responda = RSVP [R.S.V.P.].* por fin = at length, at last, finally, at long last.* por fin llegó la hora (de) = it's about time (that).* por frustración = out of frustration.* por fuera = outwardly, outwardly.* por grupos = in batches.* por gusto = for kicks, (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.* por hora = hourly.* por horas = on an hourly basis.* por igual = alike, on an equitable basis, equally, in equal measure(s).* por imitación = copycat.* por incremento gradual = incremental.* por incrementos graduales = incrementally.* por individuo = per capita, per person.* por iniciativa de = at the instigation of, under the auspices of.* por instinto = instinctively.* por interés = out of interest.* por interés personal = self-interested.* por investigar = unresearched.* por invitación = invitational.* por invitación de = at the invitation of.* por la borda = overboard.* por la cantidad de + Número = amounting to + Cantidad.* por la forma = by the way.* por la friolera de + Cantidad = to the tune of + Cantidad.* por la fuerza = forcibly.* por la mala fortuna = by ill fate.* por la mala suerte = by ill luck, by bad luck, by ill fate.* por la manera = by the way.* por la mañana = in the morning.* por la mañana y por la noche = morning and night.* por la noche = overnight, at night, night-time, after dark, by night.* por la posibilidad de = at the prospect of.* por la presente = hereby.* por las buenas o por las malas = by hook or by crook.* por la sencilla razón = for no other reason.* por las nubes = soaring.* por la tarde = in the evening.* por ley = mandated.* por libre = freelance.* por línea telefónica = over the telephone line.* por lo general = on the whole, all in all, in general, generally, generally speaking, in the normal run of events, in the normal run of things.* por lo pronto = for the time being.* por lo que = so.* por lo que concierne a = as far as + Nombre + be + concerned, so far as + Nombre + be concerned.* por lo que concierne a Uno = on + Posesivo + side.* por lo que dicen todos = by all accounts.* por lo que es = in + Posesivo + own right.* por lo que incumbe a Uno = on + Posesivo + side.* ¡Por lo que más quieras! = for God's sake.* por lo que se refiere a = moving on to.* por lo que son = in + Posesivo + own right.* por lo que yo sé = to the best of my knowledge.* por los pelos = by the skin of + Posesivo + teeth, close call, close shave.* por los siguientes motivos = on the following counts.* por los suelos = in tatters.* por lo tanto = consequently, ergo, so, then, thereby, therefore, thus, it follows that.* por lo visto = apparently, apparently.* por mala fortuna = unfortunately, unhappily, sadly.* por mala suerte = by ill luck, by bad luck, by a stroke of bad luck, by ill fate.* por mal camino = astray.* por más que lo intento = for the life of me.* por materias = subject-based, topically.* por mecionar sólo unos cuantos = to mention only a few.* por medio = out of.* por medio de = by means of, by way of, in the form of, through, via, via the medium of, by dint of, through the agency of.* por medio de isótopos = isotopically.* por medio de otro(s) = by proxy.* por medio de una agencia = on a bureau basis.* por mencionar sólo algunos = to mention but a few of, to mention only a few.* por mencionar sólo unos cuantos = to mention but a few of, to name only some.* por mencionar sólo unos pocos = to name but a few.* por mencionar unos pocos = just to name a few.* por menús = menu-driven.* por méritos = meritorious.* por mes = per month.* por miedo de = for fear of/that.* por millones = in the millions, by the millions.* por mor de = because of, out of consideration for, out of respect for.* por motivo de = in the interest(s) of.* por motivos de = for the sake of, on grounds.* por motivos de + Nombre = for + Nombre's sake.* por muchas razones = in many ways.* por mucho que lo intento = for the life of me.* por mucho tiempo = for long, for long periods of time.* por muy + Adjetivo/Adverbio + Nombre + que + Subjuntivo = however + Adjetivo/Adverbio + Nombre + Verbo.* por muy + Adjetivo/Adverbio + que sea = however + Adjetivo/Adverbio.* por muy + Adjetivo + be = Adjetivo + though + Nombre + be.* por muy difícil que parezca = difficult though it may seem, difficult as it may seem.* por muy extraño que parezca = oddly enough, strangely enough, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange, funnily enough, funnily.* por muy increíble que parezca = incredible though it may seem, incredibly, incredibly enough, incredible as it may seem, although it may seem incredible.* por muy mentira que parezca = incredibly, incredible though it may seem, strangely enough, incredibly enough, incredible as it may seem, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange, although it may seem incredible.* por muy raro que parezca = strangely enough, oddly enough, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange.* por nada = for nothing.* por nada del mundo = for the life of me.* por nada or casi nada = at little or no extra cost.* por naturaleza = by nature, by definition, characteristically, natural-born, naturally, inherently.* por necesidad = of necessity, out of necessity.* por niveles = multilayered [multi-layered/multi layered], multilayer, layered, tiered.* por no decir algo peor = to put it mildly.* por no decir nada de = to say nothing of.* por no decir nunca = if ever.* por no decir otra cosa peor = to say the least.* por nombrar (sólo) + Número = to name (only) + Número.* por nombrar sólo unos cuantos = to name only some.* por nombrar sólo unos pocos = to name but a few.* por + Nombre = on a + Adjetivo + basis.* por no mencionar = not to mention.* por norma = as a rule.* por + Número + cosas = on + Número + counts.* por orden de = mandated.* por orden del congreso = congressionally mandated.* por orden de llegada = on a first come first served basis.* por orden numérico = in numerical order.* por otra parte = on the other hand, on the other side, on the flip side.* por otro lado = alternatively, however, on the other hand, on the other side, for another thing, on the flip side, on another topic, on another matter, on another note, on other matters.* por parejas = in pairs.* por parte de = on the part of.* por parte de uno = on + Posesivo + part.* por pasar el rato = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.* por pereza = lazily.* por + Período de Tiempo = for + Expresión Temporal.* por persona = per person.* por placer = for kicks, (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.* por poco dinero = cheaply.* por poco o nada = at little or no extra cost.* por poderes = by proxy.* por poner un ejemplo + Adjetivo = to take a + Adjetivo + example.* por poner un ejemplo sobre + Nombre = to take + Nombre.* por + Posesivo + cuenta = at + Posesivo + own expense.* por + Posesivo + parte = for + Posesivo + part.* por + Posesivo + propia cuenta = at + Posesivo + own expense.* por + Posesivo + (propia) naturaleza = in + Posesivo + nature.* por primera vez = first + Verbo, for the first time, for once.* por principio = on principle.* por principios = as a matter of principle.* por probar nada se pierde = nothing ventured, nothing gained.* por + Pronombre + mismo = all by + Reflexivo, by + Reflexivo.* por propia iniciativa = self-directed.* por pura curiosidad = just out of interest, (just) as a mater of interest.* por pura diversión = for kicks.* por puro entretenimiento = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.* por puro placer = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.* por qué = why.* por razones + Adjetivo = for + Nombre + purposes.* por razones de = for the sake of.* por razones de seguridad = for security reasons, for safety reasons.* por razones éticas = on moral grounds.* por razones morales = on moral grounds.* por razones personales = for personal reasons.* por + Reflexivo + cuenta = for + Reflexivo.* por rencor = out of spite.* por respeto a = out of respect for, out of consideration for.* por rumores = grapevine.* por rutina = routinely.* por sacos = by the sackful.* por satélite = satellite-based.* por segunda vez = a second time, the second time around, a second time around.* por seguridad = for safety reasons.* por semana = per week.* por separado = at different times, in isolation, separately, singly.* por ser + Adjetivo = as being + Adjetivo.* por sexo = along gender lines.* por si = in the chance that.* por si acaso = in case of, on the off chance, just in case, on spec, for good measure.* por si casualidad = in the chance that.* por si era poco = for good measure.* por si fuera poco = to boot, for good measure, to add insult to injury, to add salt to injury, to rub salt in the wound.* por si hace falta consultarlo en el futuro = for future reference.* por si las moscas = just in case, on spec.* por sí mismo = for its/their own sake, in itself, in + Posesivo + own right, itself, unto + Reflexivo, in and of + Reflexivo.* por sí mismos = in themselves.* por simple curiosidad = (just) as a mater of interest, just out of interest.* por si sirve de algo = for what it's worth [FWIW].* por sí solo = by itself, for its/their own sake, on its own, in and of + Reflexivo, in itself.* por sí solos = by themselves, in themselves.* por si + tener + suerte = on spec.* por sorpresa = unawares.* por su cuenta y riesgo = at + Posesivo + own risk.* por suerte = luckily, fortunately, happily.* por suerte o por desgracia = for better or (for) worse, by luck or misfortune.* por su naturaleza = by + Posesivo + nature.* por su papel = in its role.* por su parte = in + Posesivo + own right.* por su propia voluntad = of its own accord.* por su propio derecho = in + Posesivo + own right.* por supuesto = of course, surely, to be sure, certainly.* ¡por supuesto que no! = heaven forbid, heaven forbid.* por suscripción = subscriber + Nombre.* por su volatilidad = mercurially.* por su volubilidad = mercurially.* por tanto = consequently, ergo, so, then, thereby, therefore, thus, it follows that.* por teléfono = on the telephone, by tele(phone), over the phone, over the telephone.* por temas = topically.* por temor a = for fear of/that.* por temor a represalias = under duress.* por término medio = on average.* por toda la ciudad = citywide [city-wide].* por toda la Internet = Internet-wide.* por toda la nación = nationwide [nation-wide].* por toda la provincia = province-wide.* por toda la vida = lifetime [life-time].* por todas las instituciones oficiales = government-wide.* por todas partes = all over the place, everywhere, widely, all around, far and wide.* por toda una vida = lifetime [life-time].* por todo = all over, throughout, all the way through.* por todo el campus universitario = campus-wide [campuswide].* por todo el continente = continent-wide.* por todo el distrito = district-wide [districtwide].* por todo el gobierno = government-wide.* por todo el mundo = worldwide [world-wide], around the world, across the globe, around the globe, across the world, around the planet, the world over.* por todo el planeta = across the planet, planet-wide.* por todo el servicio = service-wide.* por todo lo alto = grandly, on a grand scale.* por todo + Lugar = up and down + Lugar.* por todo + Nombre de Lugar = across + Nombre de Lugar.* por todos conocido = well-known.* por todos lados = left, right and centre, far and wide.* por todos los medios = by all means.* por todos sitios = everywhere.* por triplicado = in triplicate.* por trueque = in kind.* por turnos = on a rotating basis, on a rota basis, on a rota system, on a rota.* por última vez = for the last time, one last time.* por último = finally, last, lastly, ultimately.* por último pero no menos importante = last but not least.* por una lado... por otro = at one end... at the other.* por unanimidad = unanimously.* por una parte = on the one hand, on the one side.* por un gran margen = by a huge margin.* por un gustazo, un trancazo = a kingdom for a kiss.* por unidad = per unit.* por un lado = for one, on the one hand, on the one side.* por un lado entra + Nombre + y por otro sale + Nombre = in go + Nombre + at one end, and out come + Nombre + at the other.* por un momento = for a moment.* por uno mismo = on + Posesivo + own, for + Reflexivo.* por unos momentos = for a few moments, for a short time.* por uno solo = solo.* por un período de tiempo limitado = on a short-term basis.* por un tiempo = for a time.* por un tiempo indefinido = for an indefinite time to come, for indefinite time.* por valor de + Cantidad = amounting to + Cantidad.* por varias razones = for a variety of reasons, for a number of reasons.* por varios motivos = for a number of reasons.* por venganza = out of spite.* por voluntad propia = voluntarily.* quedar por ver = remain + to be seen.* tirar dinero y esfuerzo por la borda = be money and effort down the drain.* transporte por tierra = land transport.* utilizar por primera vez = pioneer.* venta al por mayor = wholesaling.* * *A en relaciones causalesB segúnC ¿por qué?D en locucionesE en expresiones concesivasF1 en expresiones de modo2 indicando el medio3 EducaciónG1 en relaciones de proporción2 en multiplicacionesH1 en relaciones de sustitución etc2 por ejemploI comoA al expresar finalidad, objetivoB indicando consideración, favorC indicando inclinación, elecciónD en busca deE en lo que respecta aF indicando una situación pendienteG estar porA indicando lugar de acceso, salidaBC expresando lugar determinadoD indicando extensiónA expresando tiempo aproximadoB indicando una ocasiónC duranteA (en relaciones causales) because ofhe puesto esto aquí por el gato I've put this here because of the catnunca se lo dijo por miedo a perderla he never told her out of fear of losing her o because he was afraid of losing hereso te pasa por crédulo that's what you get for being (so) gulliblelo conseguimos por él we got it thanks to himella es así por naturaleza she's like that by naturelo hace por necesidad he does it out of necessityno se acabó por falta de dinero it wasn't finished for o because of o owing to lack of moneyel final no por conocido me resulta menos triste knowing how it ends doesn't make it any less sadpor su alto contenido en proteínas because of o owing to its high protein contenttanto por su precio como por su practicidad both for its price and its practical designfue por eso por lo que no te llamé or fue por eso que no te llamé that was the reason o that was why I didn't call youprecisamente por eso no dije nada that's precisely why I didn't say anythingla muerte se produjo por asfixia he suffocated, death was caused by suffocation ( frml)éste serviría si no fuera por el color this one would do if it weren't for the colorfue elogiado por su excelente actuación he was praised for his excellent performancepor + INF for -INGme pidió perdón por haberme mentido he apologized for lying o for having lied to meB (según) frompor lo que he oído from what I've heardpor lo que parece no va a volver it seems o it would seem he's not coming backpor mi experiencia diría que … from my experience, I would say that …C ( fam):¿por? why?¿con quién vas? — con Daniel ¿por? who are you going with? — with Daniel, why? o why do you want to know?D ( en locuciones):por qué why¿por qué lloras? why are you crying?¿por qué no vienes a almorzar a casa? why don't you come to my house for lunch?por si in casellévate una muda, por si tuvieras que quedarte take a change of clothes (just) in case you have to stayE (en expresiones concesivas) por … QUE:por más que me esfuerzo me sigue saliendo mal no matter how hard I try o however hard I try, I still can't get it right(+ subj): por (muy) fácil que se lo pongan, no creo que lo sepa hacer however easy o no matter how easy they make it for him I don't think he'll be able to do itF1(en expresiones de modo): clasifícalos por tamaño classify them according to size o by sizecolóquense por orden de altura line up in order of heightpor adelantado in advancepor escrito in writing2(indicando el medio): se lo comunicaron por teléfono they told him over the phonelo dijeron por la radio they said it on the radiolo mandaron por avión/barco they sent it by air/seapor carretera by roadla conocí por la voz I recognized the o her voice, I recognized her by her voiceme enteré por un amigo I heard from o through a friendconocido por el nombre de Pancho known as Pancholo intenté por todos los medios I tried everything possible o every possible way3 ( Educación):es doctor honoris causa por Oxford he has an honorary doctorate from Oxfordun graduado en ciencias políticas por la universidad de Granada a graduate in political science from the university of GranadaG1(en relaciones de proporción): cobra $30 por clase he charges $30 a o per class120 kilómetros por hora 120 kilometers an o per hourlo venden por metro they sell it by the metertú comes por tres you eat enough for three peoplehabía un hombre por cada dos mujeres there was one man to every two womentiene tres metros de largo por uno de ancho it's three meters long by one meter wideya hemos hecho bastante por hoy we've done enough for todaylos hizo entrar uno por uno she made them come in one by one o one at a timeexaminar un escrito punto por punto to go through a document point by point(en multiplicaciones): tres por cuatro (son) doce three times four is twelve, three fours are twelveH1(en relaciones de sustitución, intercambio, representación): su secretaria firmó por él his secretary signed for him o on his behalfyo puedo ir por ti I can go for you o in your placepor toda respuesta se encogió de hombros all he did was shrug his shoulderstú podrías pasar por inglesa you could pass as English o for an Englishwomante dan uno nuevo por dos viejos they give you one new one in exchange for two old oneses senador por Canarias he's a senator for the Canary Islands2(como): por ejemplo for example¿acepta usted por esposa a Carmen? do you take Carmen to be your (lawful wedded) wife?un lugar frecuentado por muchos famosos a place frequented by many famous peoplese vieron sorprendidos por una tormenta they were caught in a sudden stormla ocupación de la fábrica por (parte de) los obreros the occupation of the factory by the workersA(al expresar finalidad, objetivo): se estaban peleando por la pelota they were fighting over the balllo hace por el dinero he does it for the moneyte lo digo por tu bien I'm telling you for your own goodpor + INF:daría cualquier cosa por verte contento I'd give anything to see you happyno entré por no molestar I didn't go in so as not to disturb him o because I didn't want to disturb himeso es hablar por hablar that's talking for the sake of talking o for the sake of itestaba ansioso por que lo escucharan he was eager for them to listen to himrecemos por que lleguen a un acuerdo let's pray that they'll come to an agreementsiguieron luchando por que se hiciera justicia they continued fighting for justice to be doneB(indicando consideración, favor): haría cualquier cosa por ti I'd do anything for youintercede por nosotros intercede for uspor mí no lo hagas don't do it just for me o for my sakeC(indicando inclinación, elección): su amor por la música her love of musicdemostró gran interés por el cuadro he showed great interest in the paintingno siento nada por él I don't feel anything for himopté por no ir I chose not to govotó por ella he voted for her¿por la afirmativa? all those in favor?se manifestaron por el derecho al aborto they demonstrated for the right to abortionestar por algn ( fam); to be crazy about sbD(en busca de): salió/fue poror ( Esp) a por pan he went (out) for some bread, he went (out) to get some breadE(en lo que respecta a): por mí no hay inconveniente I don't mindque haga lo que le dé la gana, por mí … let him do what he likes, as far as I'm concerned …F (indicando una situación pendiente) por + INF:tengo toda la casa por limpiar I've got the whole house to cleanestos cambios aún están por hacer these changes have still not been made o are yet to be madeG( AmL) estar por + INF (estar a punto de): deben de estar por llegar they should be arriving any minutela leche está por hervir the milk's about to boilA(indicando lugar de acceso, salida, trayectoria): entró por la ventana he came in through the windowsal por aquí go out this wayel acceso al edificio es por la calle Lamas you enter the building from Lamas Streetel piano no va a pasar por la puerta the piano won't go through the doorse cayó por la escalera he fell down the stairssubieron por la ladera este they went up by the east face¿el 121 va por (la) Avenida Rosas? does the 121 go along Rosas Avenue?fuimos por el camino más largo we took the longer routeno vayas por ahí que te vas a perder don't go that way, you'll get lost¿por dónde has venido? which way did you come?¿puedes pasar por la tintorería? could you call in at o drop by the drycleaner's?B(expresando lugar indeterminado): está por ahí he's over there somewhere¿por dónde está or queda el restaurante? whereabouts is the restaurant?viven por el sur/por mi barrio they live in the south somewhere/around my areahace mucho que no lo vemos por aquí we haven't seen him around here for ages¿qué tal te fue por Londres? how did you get on in London?C(expresando lugar determinado): corta por aquí cut herevoy por la página 15 I'm up to o I'm on page 15empieza por el principio start at the beginningagárralo por el mango hold it by the handleD(indicando extensión): lo he buscado por todos lados or por todas partes I've looked everywhere for itla epidemia se extendió por todo el país the epidemic spread throughout the (whole) countryestuvimos viajando por el norte de Francia we were traveling around o in the North of Francefuimos a caminar por la playa we went for a walk along the beachpasa un trapo por el piso give the floor a quick wipeA(expresando tiempo aproximado): por aquella época at that timepor aquel entonces vivían en Pozuelo at that time they were living in Pozuelosucedió por allá por 1960 it happened some time back around 1960B ( Esp) (indicando una ocasión) forme lo regalaron por mi cumpleaños they gave it to me for my birthdaypor Semana Santa pensamos ir a Londres we're thinking of going to London for EasterC (durante) forpor los siglos de los siglos for ever and everno se lo confío ni por un minuto I wouldn't trust him with it for a minutepuede quedar así por el momento or por ahora it can stay like that for the time being o for now* * *
por preposición
1 ( causa) because of;◊ por falta de dinero because of o owing to lack of money;
por naturaleza by nature;
por necesidad out of necessity;
por eso no dije nada that's why I didn't say anything;
fue por eso que no te llamé that was why I didn't call you;
si no fuera por mi hijo … if it wasn't for my son …;
me pidió perdón por haberme mentido he apologized for lying o for having lied to me
2 ( en locs)
no dijo por qué he didn't say why;
¿por qué no vienes conmigo? why don't you come with me?;
por si in case;
por si no entiende in case he doesn't understand;
See Also→ acaso 2, mosca
3 ( en expresiones concesivas):◊ por más que me esfuerzo however hard o no matter how hard I try;
por (muy) fácil que sea however easy o no matter how easy it is
4a) ( modo):
por adelantado in advance;
por escrito in writingb) ( medio):
lo dijeron por la radio they said it on the radio;
por avión by air;
la conocí por la voz I recognized her by her voice;
me enteré por un amigo I heard from o through a friend
5a) ( proporción):◊ cobra $30 por clase he charges $30 a o per class;
120 kilómetros por hora 120 kilometers an o per hour;
por metro/docena by the meter/dozen;
tú comes por tres you eat enough for three people;
tiene tres metros de largo por uno de ancho it's three meters long by one meter wide;
uno por uno one by one;
See Also→ ciento sustantivo masculino bb) ( en multiplicaciones):
6
◊ su secretaria firmó por él his secretary signed for him o on his behalf;
pasa por inglesa she passes for an Englishwomanb) ( como):
7 ( introduciendo el agente) by;
1 (finalidad, objetivo):
lo hace por el dinero he does it for the money;
no entré por no molestarlo I didn't go in because I didn't want to disturb him;
por que + subj (here por que can also be written porque): estaba ansioso por que lo escucharan he was eager for them to listen to him
2 (indicando inclinación, elección):
no siento nada por él I don't feel anything for him;
votó por ella he voted for her
3 ( en busca de): salió/fue por or (Esp) a por pan he went (out) for some bread, he went (out) to get some bread
4 ( en lo que respecta a):◊ por mí que haga lo que quiera as far as I'm concerned, he can do what he likes
5 (esp AmL) estar por + inf ( estar a punto de) to be about to + inf;
deben (de) estar por llegar they should be arriving any minute
1a) ( lugar):
sal por aquí go out this way;
se cayó por la escalera he fell down the stairs;
¿el 121 va por (la) Avenida Rosas? does the 121 go along Rosas Avenue?;
¿por dónde has venido? which way did you come?;
está por ahí he's over there somewhere;
¿por dónde está el hotel? whereabouts is the hotel?;
viven por mi barrio they live around my area;
voy por la página 15 I'm up to o I'm on page 15;
empieza por el principio start at the beginning;
agárralo por el mango hold it by the handle
◊ viajamos por el norte de Francia we traveled around o in the North of France;
ver tb dentro, fuera, encima, etc
2 ( tiempo) for;
por el momento or por ahora for the time being, for now;
ver tb mañana, tarde, noche
3 (Esp) ( ocasión) for;
por preposición
1 (autoría) by: está escrito por mí, it was written by me
2 (camino, lugar) through: viajamos por Castilla, we travelled round Castilla
3 (medio) lo enviaron por avión, they sent it by plane
me enteré por el periódico, I read about it in the newspaper
4 (motivo, causa) because of
por tu culpa, because of you
(en favor de) for: hazlo por ellos, do it for their sake
por la libertad, for freedom
5 (en torno a) por San Juan, near Saint John's Day
6 (durante) por la mañana/noche, in the morning/at night
por el momento, for the time being
7 (a través) entramos por la puerta, we got in through the door
miramos por la ventana, we looked out (of) the window
pasamos por la ciudad, we went through the town
8 (sobre, por encima de) cruzaremos por el puente, we'll cross the bridge
9 (delante de) paso todos los días por tu casa, I go by your house every day
10 (a cambio de) for: te doy mi helado por tu yogur, I'll swap you my ice-cream for your yoghurt
11 (en una distribución, cálculo) por cabeza, a head, per person
mil pesetas por hora, a thousand pesetas per hour
dos mil revoluciones por minuto, two thousand revolutions per minute
12 (en una multiplicación) dos por dos, cuatro, two times two is four
un diez por ciento, ten per cent
13 (con infinitivo) in order to, so as to
trabajar por trabajar, to work for the sake of it
♦ Locuciones: por así decirlo, so to speak
por más/mucho que..., no matter how...
por qué, why
' por' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
A
- abogar
- abonar
- abonarse
- abotargada
- abotargado
- abuelo
- acabar
- acaso
- accidente
- acercarse
- acertar
- aclamación
- acomplejada
- acomplejado
- acomplejarse
- acoquinar
- acostumbrar
- actual
- adelantada
- adelantado
- adivinar
- admitir
- adoración
- aérea
- aéreo
- afanarse
- afectada I
- afectado
- afición
- agradecer
- aguantar
- ahí
- ahogada
- ahogado
- ahora
- ahorcarse
- ahorrar
- aire
- alegrarse
- algo
- allá
- allí
- almacén
- alquiler
- alta
- alto
- aludida
- aludido
- amarga
English:
A
- aback
- ablaze
- about
- above
- absence
- absorb
- accident
- accidentally
- acclaim
- accompany
- accord
- accordingly
- account
- accustom
- actual
- actually
- add to
- advocate
- after
- afternoon
- again
- against
- air
- airmail
- alert
- allowance
- alone
- alphabetically
- alternately
- amble
- amends
- amok
- angry
- annihilate
- annoy
- answer for
- answering service
- antipathy
- anxious
- anywhere
- apologetic
- apologize
- appal
- appall
- apparently
- appearance
- appease
- appointment
- appreciate
* * *por prep1. [indica causa] because of;llegó tarde por el tráfico she was late because of the traffic;lo hizo por amor he did it out of o for love;me disculpé por llegar tarde I apologized for arriving late;miré dentro por simple curiosidad I looked inside out of pure curiosity;accidentes por conducción temeraria accidents caused by reckless driving;muertes por enfermedades cardiovasculares deaths from cardiovascular disease;no quise llamar por la hora (que era) I didn't want to call because of the time;cerrado por vacaciones/reformas [en letrero] closed for holidays/alterations;por mí no te preocupes don't worry about me;Espfue por eso por lo que tuvimos tantos problemas, Am [m5] fue por eso que tuvimos tantos problemas that's why we had so many problems;eso te pasa por (ser tan) generoso that's what you get for being so generous;la razón por (la) que dimite the reason (why) she is resigning;¿por qué? why?;¿por qué no vienes? why don't you come?;¿por qué lo preguntas? – por nada why do you ask? – no reason;Fam¿por? why?;por si in case;por si se te olvida in case you forget2. [indica indicio]por lo que me dices/lo que he oído no debe de ser tan difícil from what you say/what I've heard, it can't be that difficult;por lo que tengo entendido, viven juntos as I understand it, they live together, my understanding is that they live together;por lo visto, por lo que se ve apparently3. [indica finalidad] (antes de infinitivo) (in order) to;* * *prp1 motivo for, because of;lo hace por mí he does it for me;lo hizo por amor she did it out of o for love;luchó por sus ideales he fought for his ideals;por miedo a ofenderle for fear of upsetting her;vino por verme he came to see me2 medio by;por avión by air;por correo by mail, Brtb by post3 tiempo:por un año/un segundo for a year/a second;por la mañana in the morning;por Navidad around Christmas:por la calle down the street;por un tunel through a tunnel;por aquí this way5 posición aproximada around, about;está por aquí it’s around here (somewhere);vive por el centro de la ciudad she lives somewhere around the center of town6 cambio:por cincuenta pesos for fifty pesos;por cabeza each, a head:por hora an o per hour;dos por dos two times two;¿por qué? why?;por el que … the reason why …;esa factura aún está por pagar that invoice still has to be paid;tomar por esposa marry;por difícil que sea however difficult it might be* * *por prep1) : for, duringse quedaron allí por la semana: they stayed there during the weekpor el momento: for now, at the moment2) : around, duringpor noviembre empieza a nevar: around November it starts to snowpor la mañana: in the morning3) : around (a place)debe estar por allí: it must be over therepor todas partes: everywhere4) : by, through, alongpor la puerta: through the doorpasé por tu casa: I stopped by your housepor la costa: along the coast5) : for, for the sake oflo hizo por su madre: he did it for his mother¡por Dios!: for heaven's sake!6) : because of, on account ofllegué tarde por el tráfico: I arrived late because of the trafficdejar por imposible: to give up as impossible7) : per60 millas por hora: 60 miles per hourpor docena: by the dozen8) : for, in exchange for, instead ofsu hermana habló por él: his sister spoke on his behalf9) : by means ofhablar por teléfono: to talk on the phonepor escrito: in writing10) : as forpor mí: as far as I'm concerned11) : timestres por dos son seis: three times two is six12) según: from, according topor lo que dices: judging from what you're telling me13) : as, forpor ejemplo: for example14) : byhecho por mi abuela: made by my grandmotherpor correo: by mail15) : for, in order tolucha por ganar su respeto: he struggles to win her respectestar por : to be about topor ciento : percentpor favor : pleasepor lo tanto : therefore, consequently¿por qué? : why?por... que : no matter howpor mucho que intente: no matter how hard I trypor si orpor si acaso : just in case* * *por prep1. (a través de) through2. (la calle) along / down3. (indica camino) via / by6. (a causa de) because of7. (a fin de) to / in order to8. (indica el autor) by9. (en favor o defensa de) for10. (multiplicado) times11. (a cambio de) for12. (en vez de) instead ofir por / ir a por to fetch¡ve a por mis zapatillas, por favor! fetch my slippers, please!por lo general generally / usuallypor si... in case...¿por qué? why? -
3 трепать
(вн.)1) (лён и т.п.) scutch (d), swingle (d)2) (тормошить, приводить в беспорядок) pull about (d); ( о ветре) blow about (d), flutter (d); ( волосы) tousle [-zl] (d)3) разг. (сов. истрепа́ть) (одежду, обувь и т.п.) wear out (d); (книгу и т.п.) fray (d), tear [teə] (d)трепа́ть кого́-л по плечу́ — pat smb's shoulder ['ʃəʊ-]
сосе́ди потрепа́ли во́ра — neighbours mauled the thief
жизнь потрепа́ла его́ — he had a life full of trouble; ( о внешности) his troubles had told on his appearance
7) ( часто упоминать) mention (d) too often; make too many references (to); hackney (d)не хо́чется трепа́ть э́то высо́кое сло́во — I wouldn't like to use this lofty word without a special reason
по́сле э́той исто́рии его́ и́мя ста́ли трепа́ть вовсю́ — after that incident, his name became the talk of the town
••его́ тре́плет лихора́дка — he is feverish, he is shivering with fever
трепа́ть не́рвы кому́-л — fray smb's nerves
трепа́ть языко́м разг. — 1) ( болтать попусту) twaddle, prattle, blather; chew the fat / rag 2) ( разглашать секреты) blab, blabber
трепа́ть за́ волосы кого́-л — pull smb's hair
-
4 Saga
-
5 saga
[ˈsaːgə] nouna long, detailed story:رِواية طَويلَة عن أجيال أسْرَةٍ واحِدَهI expect he told you the saga of his troubles.
-
6 mal
adj.1 bad, evil.2 bad, poor.3 bad, deficient, low-quality.adv.1 wrong (incorrectamente).hacer algo mal to do something wronghas escrito mal esta palabra you've spelled that word wronghiciste mal en decírselo it was wrong of you to tell himportarse mal to behave badly2 badly (inadecuadamente).la conferencia/reunión salió mal the talk/meeting went badlymal vestido badly dressedoigo/veo mal I can't hear/see very wellesta puerta cierra mal this door doesn't shut properlyHaces las cosas mal siempre! You always do things badly!3 hardly.mal puede saberlo si no se lo cuentas he's hardly going to know it if you don't tell him4 barely, hardly.Mal pudimos dormir esa noche We could barely sleep that night.m.1 harm, damage (daño).no te hará ningún mal salir un rato it won't harm you o it won't do you any harm to go out for a whilemal de ojo evil eye2 illness.mal de altura o montaña altitude o mountain sicknessel mal de las vacas locas mad cow disease3 evil.4 wrong.* * *1 evil2 (daño) harm3 (enfermedad) sickness► adjetivo► adverbio1 (no adecuadamente) badly2 (enfermo) ill, sick■ me encuentro mal I feel ill, I don't feel well3 (incorrectamente) wrong4 (difícilmente) hardly, scarcely5 (desagradablemente) bad■ como sigas así, acabarás mal if you keep on like that, you'll end up in trouble6 (en frases negativas) bad, badly\a grandes males, grandes remedios desperate situations call for desperate measuresde mal en peor from bad to worseestar a mal con alguien to be on bad terms with somebodymal que bien one way or anothermal que les (te, etc) pese whether they (you, etc) like it or notmenos mal que... it's a good job that..., thank God that...no hay mal que cien años dure nothing goes on foreverno hay mal que por bien no venga every cloud has a silver liningmal de altura altitude sicknessmal de ojo evil eyemal de la rosa pellagramal de la tierra homesicknessmal francés syphilis* * *1. adv.1) badly, poorly2) hardly3) wrong2. noun m.1) evil2) wrong3) harm4) misfortune5) illness, disease3. adj.* * *1. ADV1) (=imperfectamente) badlyoigo/veo mal — I can't hear/see well
si mal no recuerdo — if my memory serves me right, if I remember correctly
2) (=reprobablemente)•
hacer mal, hace mal en mentir — he is wrong to lie3) (=insuficientemente) poorlyeste disco se vendió muy mal — this record sold very poorly, this record had very poor sales
•
comer mal, en este restaurante se come mal — the food isn't very good in this restaurantla niña come mal — the girl isn't eating properly, the girl is off her food
4) (=sin salud) illencontrarse o sentirse mal — to feel ill
5) (=desagradablemente)¡no está mal este vino! — this wine isn't bad!
•
caer mal algn, me cae mal su amigo — I don't like his friend•
llevarse mal, me llevo mal con él — I don't get on with him•
oler mal, esta habitación huele mal — this room smells (bad)•
pensar mal de algn — to think badly of sb•
saber mal, sabe mal — it doesn't taste nice6) [otras locuciones]•
estar a mal con algn — to be on bad terms with sb•
¡ menos mal! — thank goodness!menos mal que... — it's just as well (that)..., it's a good job (that)...
•
mal que bien — more or less, just aboutmal que bien lo hemos solucionado — we've more or less o just about managed to solve it
•
tomarse algo (a) mal — to take sth the wrong way2.CONJ3.4. SM1) (=maldad)combatir el mal — frm to fight against evil
2) (=perjuicio) harmel mal ya está hecho — the harm o damage is done now
¡mal haya quien...! — frm a curse on whoever...!
•
dar mal a algn — to make sb suffer•
darse mal — to torment o.s.rebajamos los precios, como mal menor — we cut the prices, as the lesser of two evils
esa solución no me satisface, pero es un mal menor — I'm not happy with that solution, but it could have been worse
•
parar en mal — to come to a bad end3) (=problema) ill4) (Med) disease, illnessmal francés — ( Hist) syphilis
5)6) LAm (Med) epileptic fit* * *I IIadjetivo invariable1)a) (enfermo, con mal aspecto)estar mal — to be bad o ill; ( anímicamente) to be in a bad way (colloq)
me siento mal — I don't feel well, I feel ill
b) (incómodo, a disgusto)¿tan mal estás aquí que te quieres ir? — are you so unhappy here that you want to leave?
2) (fam) (en frases negativas) ( refiriéndose al atractivo sexual)no está nada mal — he's/she's not at all bad (colloq)
3) ( desagradable) <oler/saber> badaquí huele mal — there's a horrible smell o it smells in here
4) ( insatisfactorio)estoy or salí muy mal en esta foto — I look awful in this photograph
la casa no está mal, pero es cara — the house isn't bad, but it's expensive
5) ( incorrecto) wrongestá muy mal no decírselo — it's very wrong o bad not to tell her
6) ( indicando escasez)IIIestamos mal de arroz — we're low on o almost out of rice
1) ( de manera no satisfactoria) <hecho/vestido> badly; <cantar/escribir> badlyse expresó mal — he didn't express himself very well, he expressed himself badly
2) ( desventajosamente)3) ( desfavorablemente) badly, illhablar mal de alguien — to speak badly o ill of somebody
4)a) (de manera errónea, incorrecta) wrong, wronglyte han informado mal — you've been badly o wrongly informed
b) ( de manera reprensible) badlyobró mal — he acted wrongly o badly
me contestó muy mal — she answered me very rudely o in a very rude manner
portarse mal — to behave badly, to misbehave
5) ( difícilmente)mal puedes saber si te gusta si no lo has probado — you can hardly say whether you like it when you haven't even tried it
6) (en locs)hacer mal — (AmL) ( a la salud)
comí algo que me hizo mal — I ate something which didn't agree with me; ver tb mal IV 2)
mal que bien — (fam) somehow or other
mal que me/te/nos pese — whether I/you/we like it or not
menos mal: menos mal! thank goodness!; menos mal que le avisaron a tiempo! it's just as well they told him in time!; menos mal que no se enteró! it's a good thing she didn't find out! (colloq); estar a mal con alguien to be on bad terms with somebody; tomarse algo a mal — to take something to heart
•IV1) (Fil) evilel bien y el mal — good and evil, right and wrong
2) (daño, perjuicio)le estás haciendo un mal consintiéndole todo — you're not doing her any good by giving in to her all the time
lo que dijo me hizo mucho mal — what he said really hurt me; ver tb mal III 6)
3) (inconveniente, problema)mal de muchos, consuelo de tontos:... pero yo no soy la única - mal de muchos, consuelo de tontos —... but I'm not the only one - well, if that makes you feel better about it (iro)
4) (Med)a) (liter) ( enfermedad) illnessb) ( epilepsia)el mal — ( enfermedad) epilepsy
5) ( pena) trouble* * *= ill, malaise, ailment, evil, affliction, wrong, out of sorts, woe, woefulness.Ex. Americans, convinced that education could be the panacea for all their ills, answered with vigorous action.Ex. He interprets 'alienation' as the ' malaise that affects all of us, leaving us in some measure unable to operate in humane, supportive ways'.Ex. In the two years that followed Woodforde had various other ailments, including an inflammation of the eyelid.Ex. It is increasingly obvious that we are as a nation one and indivisible, that divisive tendencies are a thing of the past, but there are still too many inheritors of the old indifference, and who flinch at co-operation as at an evil.Ex. In the Netherlands there are currently some 20,000 sufferers from this affliction.Ex. Librarians have traditionally been concerned with giving rather than selling information and information supplied negligently is dealt with by the law of torts: civil wrongs independent of contract.Ex. For example, you already know that living in a windowless room will make you cranky and out of sorts.Ex. 'The word's out: all departments have to cut their staffs by 10%' -- Her voice was weak and laden with woe.Ex. In presenting this story, Amenabar has managed to avoid both saccharine sentimentality and easy woefulness.----* eje del mal = axis of evil.* el dinero es el origen de todos los males = money is the root of all evil.* el dinero es la fuente de todos los males = money is the root of all evil.* evitar el mal = shun + evil.* fuente de todos los males, la = root of all evil, the.* hacer el mal = do + evil.* mal de amores = heartache, lovesick.* mal de Parkinson = Parkinson's disease.* males de la guerra, los = evils of war, the.* origen de todos males, el = root of all evil, the.* para colmo de males = to add insult to injury, to add salt to injury, to rub salt in the wound.* tener mal de amores = be lovesick.* * *I IIadjetivo invariable1)a) (enfermo, con mal aspecto)estar mal — to be bad o ill; ( anímicamente) to be in a bad way (colloq)
me siento mal — I don't feel well, I feel ill
b) (incómodo, a disgusto)¿tan mal estás aquí que te quieres ir? — are you so unhappy here that you want to leave?
2) (fam) (en frases negativas) ( refiriéndose al atractivo sexual)no está nada mal — he's/she's not at all bad (colloq)
3) ( desagradable) <oler/saber> badaquí huele mal — there's a horrible smell o it smells in here
4) ( insatisfactorio)estoy or salí muy mal en esta foto — I look awful in this photograph
la casa no está mal, pero es cara — the house isn't bad, but it's expensive
5) ( incorrecto) wrongestá muy mal no decírselo — it's very wrong o bad not to tell her
6) ( indicando escasez)IIIestamos mal de arroz — we're low on o almost out of rice
1) ( de manera no satisfactoria) <hecho/vestido> badly; <cantar/escribir> badlyse expresó mal — he didn't express himself very well, he expressed himself badly
2) ( desventajosamente)3) ( desfavorablemente) badly, illhablar mal de alguien — to speak badly o ill of somebody
4)a) (de manera errónea, incorrecta) wrong, wronglyte han informado mal — you've been badly o wrongly informed
b) ( de manera reprensible) badlyobró mal — he acted wrongly o badly
me contestó muy mal — she answered me very rudely o in a very rude manner
portarse mal — to behave badly, to misbehave
5) ( difícilmente)mal puedes saber si te gusta si no lo has probado — you can hardly say whether you like it when you haven't even tried it
6) (en locs)hacer mal — (AmL) ( a la salud)
comí algo que me hizo mal — I ate something which didn't agree with me; ver tb mal IV 2)
mal que bien — (fam) somehow or other
mal que me/te/nos pese — whether I/you/we like it or not
menos mal: menos mal! thank goodness!; menos mal que le avisaron a tiempo! it's just as well they told him in time!; menos mal que no se enteró! it's a good thing she didn't find out! (colloq); estar a mal con alguien to be on bad terms with somebody; tomarse algo a mal — to take something to heart
•IV1) (Fil) evilel bien y el mal — good and evil, right and wrong
2) (daño, perjuicio)le estás haciendo un mal consintiéndole todo — you're not doing her any good by giving in to her all the time
lo que dijo me hizo mucho mal — what he said really hurt me; ver tb mal III 6)
3) (inconveniente, problema)mal de muchos, consuelo de tontos:... pero yo no soy la única - mal de muchos, consuelo de tontos —... but I'm not the only one - well, if that makes you feel better about it (iro)
4) (Med)a) (liter) ( enfermedad) illnessb) ( epilepsia)el mal — ( enfermedad) epilepsy
5) ( pena) trouble* * *= ill, malaise, ailment, evil, affliction, wrong, out of sorts, woe, woefulness.Ex: Americans, convinced that education could be the panacea for all their ills, answered with vigorous action.
Ex: He interprets 'alienation' as the ' malaise that affects all of us, leaving us in some measure unable to operate in humane, supportive ways'.Ex: In the two years that followed Woodforde had various other ailments, including an inflammation of the eyelid.Ex: It is increasingly obvious that we are as a nation one and indivisible, that divisive tendencies are a thing of the past, but there are still too many inheritors of the old indifference, and who flinch at co-operation as at an evil.Ex: In the Netherlands there are currently some 20,000 sufferers from this affliction.Ex: Librarians have traditionally been concerned with giving rather than selling information and information supplied negligently is dealt with by the law of torts: civil wrongs independent of contract.Ex: For example, you already know that living in a windowless room will make you cranky and out of sorts.Ex: 'The word's out: all departments have to cut their staffs by 10%' -- Her voice was weak and laden with woe.Ex: In presenting this story, Amenabar has managed to avoid both saccharine sentimentality and easy woefulness.* eje del mal = axis of evil.* el dinero es el origen de todos los males = money is the root of all evil.* el dinero es la fuente de todos los males = money is the root of all evil.* evitar el mal = shun + evil.* fuente de todos los males, la = root of all evil, the.* hacer el mal = do + evil.* mal de amores = heartache, lovesick.* mal de Parkinson = Parkinson's disease.* males de la guerra, los = evils of war, the.* origen de todos males, el = root of all evil, the.* para colmo de males = to add insult to injury, to add salt to injury, to rub salt in the wound.* tener mal de amores = be lovesick.* * *mal1mal2A1 (enfermo, con mal aspecto) estar mal to be bad o ill; (anímicamente) to be o feel low ( colloq), to be o feel down ( colloq)me siento mal I don't feel well, I feel illhace días que ando mal del estómago I've been having trouble with my stomach for some days nowlo encontré muy mal, pálido y desmejorado he didn't seem at all well, he looked pale and sicklyestá muy mal, no se ha repuesto de lo del marido she's in a bad way, she hasn't got over what happened to her husband¡éste está mal de la cabeza! he's not right in the headesas cosas me ponen mal things like that really upset me2(incómodo, a disgusto): ¿tan mal estás aquí que te quieres ir? are you so unhappy here that you want to leave?tú allí estás mal you aren't comfortable thereB ( fam) ( en frases negativas)C (desagradable) ‹oler/saber› badaquí huele mal there's a horrible smell in here, it smells in hereno sabe tan mal it doesn't taste that badesta leche huele mal this milk smells bad o offD(insatisfactorio): los soufflés siempre me quedan mal my soufflés never turn out rightestoy or quedé or salí muy mal en esta foto I look awful in this photole queda mal ese peinado that hairstyle doesn't suit herla casa no está mal, pero es cara the house isn't bad o is quite nice but it's expensivesacarnos un millón no estaría nada mal I wouldn't mind winning a millionE (incorrecto) wrongla fecha está mal the date is wrongcreo que está muy mal no decírselo I think it's very wrong o bad not to tell herestá mal que le hables en ese tono it's wrong (of you) to speak to him in that toneestuviste muy mal en no ayudarlo it was wrong of you not to help himF (indicando escasez) estar mal DE algo:estamos mal de dinero we're hard up ( colloq), we're short of moneyestamos mal de arroz we have hardly any rice (left), we're low on o almost out of ricemal3A (de manera no satisfactoria) ‹hecho/organizado/pintado/vestido› badlycanta muy mal she sings very badly, she's a very bad singer, she's very bad at singingse expresó mal he didn't express himself very well, he expressed himself badlyte oigo muy mal I can hardly hear you, I can't hear you very wellen el colegio se come muy mal the food's terrible at schoolle fue mal en los exámenes his exams went badlyde mal en peor from bad to worseB(desventajosamente): se casó muy mal she made a bad marriagevendieron muy mal la casa they got a terrible price for the houseel negocio marcha mal the business isn't doing very wellC (desfavorablemente) badly, illno hables mal de ella don't speak badly o ill of herpiensa mal de todo el mundo he thinks ill of everyoneD1 (de manera errónea, incorrecta) wrong, wronglylo has hecho mal you've done it wrongmi nombre está mal escrito my name has been misspelt, my name is spelt/has been spelt wrong(ly)te han informado mal you've been badly o wrongly informedte entendí mal I misunderstood you, I didn't understand you properly2 (de manera reprensible) badlyobró or procedió mal he acted wrongly o badlyhaces mal en no ir a verla it's wrong of you not to go and see herme contestó muy mal she answered me very rudely o in a very rude mannersi te portas mal no te traigo más if you behave badly o if you misbehave I won't bring you againE(difícilmente): mal puedes saber si te gusta si no lo has probado you can hardly say o I don't see how you can say whether you like it when you haven't even tried itF ( en locs):comí algo que me hizo mal I ate something which didn't agree with me o which made me feel bad o illmal que me/te/nos pese whether I/you/we like it or notmenos mal: aceptaron tu solicitud — ¡menos mal! they've accepted your application — thank goodness!¡menos mal que le avisaron a tiempo! it's just as well they told him in time!estar a mal con algn to be on bad terms with sbtomarse algo a mal to take sth to heartCompuesto:mal nacido, mal nacidamasculine, feminine swine ( colloq), rat ( colloq) ver tb maleducado1 (↑ maleducado (1)), maleducado2 (↑ maleducado (2))mal4A ( Fil) evilel bien y el mal good and evil, right and wronglíbranos del mal deliver us from evilB(daño, perjuicio): no le perdono todo el mal que me hizo I can't forgive her all the wrong she did mele estás haciendo un mal consintiéndole todo you're doing her a disservice o you're not doing her any good by giving in to her all the timeel divorcio de sus padres le hizo mucho mal her parents' divorce did her a lot of harmlo que me dijo me hizo mucho mal what he said hurt me deeply o really hurt meC(inconveniente, problema): los males que aquejan a nuestra sociedad the ills afflicting our societyla contaminación es uno de los males de nuestro tiempo pollution is one of the evils of our timea grandes males grandes remedios desperate situations call for desperate measuresno hay mal que cien años dure nothing goes on for everno hay mal que por bien no venga every cloud has a silver liningmal de muchos, consuelo de tontos: … pero a mucha gente le pasó lo mismo — mal de muchos, consuelo de tontos … but the same thing happened to a lot of other people — so that makes you feel better, does it? ( iro)todos mis amigos suspendieron también, así que mal de muchos, consuelo de tontos all my friends failed too, so that's some consolation, I suppose o so that makes things a bit better, I supposequien canta sus males espanta problems don't seem so bad if you keep cheerfulCompuesto:(entre dos alternativas) lesser of two evilseso fue un mal menor porque se podría haber matado in fact he was lucky o he can count himself lucky, he could have been killedD ( Med)1 ( liter) (enfermedad) illness2cuando le da el mal when she has a fitCompuestos:Alzheimer's disease( fam):tiene mal de amores he's lovesickChagas' diseasealtitude sickness, mountain sicknessevil eyele echó el mal de ojo or (CS) le hizo mal de ojo she gave him the evil eyeParkinson's disease( euf); syphilisE (pena) troubleno me vengas a contar tus males don't come to me with your troubles* * *
mal adjetivo: ver◊ malo
■ adjetivo invariable
1 [estar] ( enfermo) ill;
( anímicamente) in a bad way (colloq);
( incómodo) uncomfortable;
¡este está mal de la cabeza! he's not right in the head;
esas cosas me ponen mal things like that really upset me
2 (fam) ( en frases negativas) ( refiriéndose al aspecto):◊ no está nada mal she's/he's/it's not at all bad (colloq)
3 ( insatisfactorio): estoy or salí muy mal en esta foto I look awful in this photograph;
4 [estar] ( incorrecto) wrong
5 ( indicando escasez) estar or ir mal de algo ‹de dinero/tiempo› to be short of sth
■ adverbio
1 ( de manera no satisfactoria) ‹vestir/cantar/jugar› badly;
te oigo muy mal I can hardly hear you;
el negocio marcha mal the business isn't doing well;
de mal en peor from bad to worse
2 ( desfavorablemente) badly, ill;◊ hablar mal de algn to speak badly o ill of sb
3
◊ te han informado mal you've been badly o wrongly informed;
te entendí mal I misunderstood you
me contestó muy mal she answered me very rudely
4 ( desagradable) ‹oler/saber› bad;◊ aquí huele mal there's a horrible smell o it smells in here
5 ( en locs)
el pescado me hizo mal the fish didn't agree with me;
menos mal: ¡menos mal! thank goodness!;
¡menos mal que le avisaron a tiempo! it's just as well they told him in time!;
tomarse algo a mal to take sth to heart
■ sustantivo masculino
1 (Fil) evil;
2 (daño, perjuicio):
3 ( cosa dañina) ill, evil;
no hay mal que por bien no venga every cloud has a silver lining
4 (Med) (liter) ( enfermedad) illness;◊ tiene mal de amores (fam) he's lovesick;
mal de (las) altura(s) altitude sickness, mountain sickness
5 ( pena) trouble
mal
I adj (delante de sustantivo masculino) bad
un mal momento, (inoportuno) a bad time: está atravesando un mal momento, he's going through a bad patch ➣ malo,-a
II sustantivo masculino
1 evil, wrong
más allá del bien y del mal, beyond good and evil
2 (perjuicio) harm: me ha hecho mucho mal, it really hurt me
mal de ojo, the evil eye
3 (dolencia) illness, disease: padece un mal incurable, she suffers from an incurable disease
III adverbio
1 (de mala manera, incorrectamente) badly, wrong: oye muy mal, she can hardly hear
todo me sale mal, everything I do turns out badly
me siento mal del estómago, I've got an upset stomach
menos mal que estás aquí, it's a good job you are here
2 (difícilmente) scarcely, hardly: si no me lo cuentas, mal puedo yo ayudarte, if you don't tell me I can scarcely help you
♦ Locuciones: llevar uno mal algo, to take sthg badly: lleva muy mal la muerte de su padre, he took the death of his father really badly
mal que, even if: tendremos que ir mal que nos pese, whether we like it or not, we'll have to go
mal que bien, somehow or other: mal que bien vamos tirando, we're managing quite well somehow or other
ponerse a mal con alguien, to fall out with sb
tomar uno a mal, to take sthg badly: no te lo tomes a mal, don't take it badly
' mal' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
agüero
- añadidura
- apestar
- apestosa
- apestoso
- atufar
- avenida
- avenido
- azotea
- berrear
- bicho
- bien
- caber
- cabeza
- caer
- café
- calcular
- caldo
- camino
- cantar
- carácter
- cardo
- chabacana
- chabacano
- chapuza
- comportarse
- comunicada
- comunicado
- conservarse
- contraluz
- contraria
- contrario
- criada
- criado
- daño
- desastre
- desencajada
- desencajado
- deslucir
- despertar
- día
- dinero
- educada
- educado
- efecto
- empañarse
- encajar
- encaminada
- encaminado
- encontrar
English:
abuse
- acquit
- act up
- agree
- along
- amulet
- astray
- bad
- bad-tempered
- badly
- barring
- best
- bile
- cheap
- cloud
- come off
- condition
- deal
- deliver
- disagree
- disapprove
- disrepair
- do
- do with
- doom
- downhill
- embody
- evil
- evil eye
- fit
- flare up
- foolish
- foot
- frown on
- gnawing
- go
- go down
- go off
- god
- going
- good
- greasy
- grief
- grim
- grin
- grumpy
- half-baked
- hash
- health
- hinder
* * *♦ adjver malo♦ nmLiterariolas fuerzas del mal the forces of darkness o evil2. [daño] harm, damage;nadie sufrió ningún mal no one was harmed, no one suffered any harm;¿no le hará mal al bebé tanta agua? all that water can't be good for the baby;no te hará ningún mal salir un rato it won't harm you o it won't do you any harm to go out for a while;todas aquellas habladurías le hicieron mucho mal all the gossip hurt her deeplymal de ojo evil eye; Arquit el mal de la piedra = the problem of crumbling masonry caused by pollution etc3. [enfermedad] illness;Figesto te curará todos los males this will make you feel better;tener mal de amores to be lovesickmal de (las) altura(s) altitude sickness;mal de montaña mountain sickness;Ven mal de páramo altitude sickness; Fam el mal de las vacas locas mad cow disease4. [problema, inconveniente] bad thing;el hambre y la pobreza son males que afectan al Tercer Mundo hunger and poverty are problems o ills which affect the Third World;entre las dos opciones, es el mal menor it's the lesser of two evils;un mal necesario a necessary evil5. Compdel mal, el menos it's the lesser of two evils;la crisis pasará, no hay mal que cien años dure the recession will end sooner or later, these things never last forever;a grandes males, grandes remedios drastic situations demand drastic action;mal de muchos, consuelo de todos o [m5]de tontos: he suspendido, pero también mis compañeros – mal de muchos, consuelo de tontos o [m5] de todos I failed, but so did my classmates – it doesn't make it all right, just because they did too;lo mismo pasa en otros países – mal de muchos, consuelo de tontos o [m5] de todos the same thing happens in other countries – that doesn't make it any better, though;no hay mal que por bien no venga every cloud has a silver lining♦ adv1. [incorrectamente] wrong;obrar mal to do wrong;portarse mal to behave badly;juzgar mal a alguien to misjudge sb;está mal hecho [un informe, un trabajo] it hasn't been done properly;[un producto, un aparato] it's badly made;eso está mal hecho, no debían haberlo aceptado it was wrong of them, they shouldn't have accepted it;está mal eso que has hecho what you've done is wrong;hacer algo mal to do sth wrong;has escrito mal esta palabra you've spelt that word wrong;hiciste mal en decírselo it was wrong of you to tell him;está mal que yo lo diga, pero esta sopa esta buenísima this soup is delicious, although I say so myself2. [inadecuadamente, insuficientemente] badly;creo que me he explicado mal I'm not sure I've explained myself clearly;oigo/veo mal I can't hear/see very well;el niño come bastante mal the boy isn't eating properly o very well;calculé mal el tiempo I miscalculated the time;canta muy mal she sings terribly, she's a terrible singer;esta puerta cierra mal this door doesn't shut properly;andar mal de dinero to be short of money;andamos mal de azúcar we're running out of sugar;la empresa/el equipo va mal the company/team isn't doing very well;va mal en la universidad she's not doing very well at university;le fue mal en la entrevista his interview didn't go very well;el sueldo no está nada mal the pay's pretty good, the pay isn't at all bad;ese chico no está nada mal that boy's not bad o pretty nice;la reparación quedó mal it wasn't repaired properly;me quedó mal el retrato my portrait didn't come out right;la conferencia/reunión salió mal the talk/meeting went badly;la fiesta salió mal the party was a failure[incómodo] to feel uncomfortable; [de calidad] to be bad;hablar mal de alguien to speak ill of sb;oler mal to smell bad;¡qué mal huele! what a smell!;Fam Figesto me huele mal this smells fishy to me;pasarlo mal to have a bad time;pensar mal de alguien to think ill of sb;saber mal to taste bad;Figme supo mal que no vinieses a despedirme I was a bit put out that you didn't come to see me off;me sabe muy mal que hablen a mis espaldas I don't like it that they talk behind my back;sentar mal a alguien [ropa] not to suit sb;[comida] to disagree with sb; [comentario, actitud] to upset sb4. [difícilmente] hardly;mal puede saberlo si no se lo cuentas he's hardly going to know if you don't tell him, how's he supposed to know if you don't tell him?5. Compestar a mal con alguien to have fallen out with sb;ir de mal en peor to go from bad to worse;no estaría mal que… it would be nice if…;tomar algo a mal to take sth the wrong way♦ mal que loc conjalthough, even though;mal que te pese, las cosas están así whether you like it or not, that's the way things are;mal que bien somehow or other* * *I adj → maloII adv badly;mal que bien one way or the other;¡no está mal! it isn’t bad!;¡menos mal! thank goodness!;no hay mal que por bien no venga every cloud has a silver lining;hacer mal en hacer algo be wrong to do sth;ir de mal en peor go from bad to worse;estar a mal con alguien be on bad terms with s.o.;hablar mal de alguien speak ill of s.o.;poner mal a alguien criticize s.o.;ponerse a mal con alguien fall out with s.o.;tomarse algo a mal take sth badly;ponerse mal get sickel mal menor the lesser of two evils* * *mal adv1) : badly, poorlybaila muy mal: he dances very badly2) : wrong, incorrectlyme entendió mal: she misunderstood me3) : with difficulty, hardlymal puedo oírte: I can hardly hear you4)de mal en peor : from bad to worse5)menos mal : it could have been worsemal nm1) : evil, wrong2) daño: harm, damage3) desgracia: misfortune4) enfermedad: illness, sickness* * *mal2 advme encuentro mal I don't feel well / I feel ill4. (de forma incorrecta) wrong5. (en frases negativas) badmal3 n1. (daño) harm / wrong2. (maldad) evil3. (problema) problem -
7 raconter
raconter [ʀakɔ̃te]➭ TABLE 11. transitive verba. [+ histoire] to tell• on raconte que... people say that...• alors, raconte ! come on, tell me!• je te raconte pas ! (inf) you wouldn't believe it!b. ( = dire de mauvaise foi) qu'est-ce que tu racontes ? what on earth are you talking about?2. reflexive verb► se raconter [écrivain] to talk about o.s.• se raconter des histoires ( = se leurrer) to lie to o.s.* * *ʀakɔ̃te1) ( relater) [personne] to tell [histoire]; [film, livre] to tell [histoire]; to describe [fait, épisode, rencontre, amitié, vie, accident]je suis tombée en panne, je te raconte pas! — (colloq) my car broke down, I'll spare you the details!
2) ( prétendre) to say3) ( dépeindre) liter [personne] to describe [époque, mœurs, pays]* * *ʀakɔ̃te vt[histoire] to tellraconter à qn (= décrire) — to tell sb about, (= dire) to tell sb
Raconte-moi ce qui s'est passé. — Tell me what happened.
Raconte-moi une histoire. — Tell me a story.
* * *raconter verb table: aimerA vtr1 ( relater) [personne] to tell [histoire]; [film, livre] to tell [histoire]; to describe [fait, épisode]; to recount [bataille]; to describe [rencontre, amitié, vie]; raconter en détail to describe in detail; alors! raconte! tell me all about it then!; après l'accident les témoins racontent after the accident, witnesses describe how it happened; la pièce raconte l'histoire d'une femme the play tells the story of a woman; ne nous raconte pas ta vie don't tell us your life-story; raconte-nous ce qui s'est passé tell us what happened; raconter à qn comment/pourquoi/où to tell sb how/why/where; il leur a raconté comment il s'était échappé he told them how he had escaped; il raconte bien/mal he's a good/bad storyteller; je suis tombée en panne, je te raconte pas○! my car broke down, I'll spare you the details!; tu racontes n'importe quoi! you're talking nonsense!;2 ( prétendre) to say; raconter que to say that; on raconte que it is said that; il nous a raconté qu'il s'était perdu he told us that he had got GB ou gotten US lost; tu sais ce qu'on raconte sur toi? do you know what people are saying about you?; qu'est-ce que tu racontes? what are you talking about?; on raconte beaucoup de sottises à son sujet a lot of silly things are said about him/her;[rakɔ̃te] verbe transitif1. [conte, histoire] to tellil a raconté l'histoire à son voisin he told his neighbour the story, he told the story to his neighbourraconter ses malheurs à quelqu'un to tell somebody all one's troubles, to pour one's heart out to somebody3. [dire] to tellà ce qu'on raconte, elle était la maîtresse du docteur she was the doctor's mistress, at least that's what people sayvite, raconte! go on!, quick, tell me!qu'est-ce que tu racontes (de beau)? so, what's new?————————se raconter verbe pronominal (emploi passif)[événement]il faut l'avoir vécu, ça ne se raconte pas I couldn't describe what it was like————————se raconter verbe pronominal intransitif[personne] to talk about oneself -
8 tirer
tirer [tiʀe]➭ TABLE 11. transitive verba. ( = amener vers soi) [+ pièce mobile, poignée, corde] to pull ; (vers le bas) to pull down ; (vers le haut) to pull up ; [+ rideaux] to draw ; [+ tiroir] to pull open ; [+ verrou] ( = fermer) to slide to ; ( = ouvrir) to draw• as-tu tiré le verrou ? have you bolted the door?b. ( = remorquer) [+ véhicule, charge] to pull ; [+ navire, remorque] to towc. ( = sortir) [+ épée, couteau, vin, cidre] to draw• il a tiré 4 000 € de sa vieille voiture he managed to get 4,000 euros for his old car• on ne peut rien en tirer (enfant têtu) you can't do anything with him ; (personne qui refuse de parler) you can't get anything out of hime. ( = délivrer) tirer qn de prison/d'une situation dangereuse to get sb out of prison/of a dangerous situationh. (Photography, typography) to print• ce journal est tiré à 100 000 exemplaires this paper has a circulation of 100,000• tirer un roman à 8 000 exemplaires to print 8,000 copies of a noveli. ( = tracer) [+ ligne, trait] to draw ; [+ plan] to draw up• tirer un coup (vulg!) to have it off (vulg!)• tirer un corner/un penalty to take a corner/a penaltyl. [+ chèque, lettre de change] to draw• prête-moi ta carte bleue pour que j'aille tirer de l'argent lend me your credit card so that I can go and get some money outn. ( = passer) (inf) to get through• encore une heure/un mois à tirer another hour/month to get through2. intransitive verba. to pullb. ( = faire feu) to fire ; ( = se servir d'une arme à feu, viser) to shoot• tirer sur qn/qch to shoot at sb/sthc. (Sport, football) to shoote. [cheminée, poêle] to drawf. [moteur, voiture] to pullg. [points de suture, sparadrap] to pull• le matin, j'ai la peau qui tire my skin feels tight in the morningh. (locutions)► tirer à sa fin [journée] to be drawing to a close ; [épreuve] to be nearly over ; [provisions] to be nearly finished3. reflexive verb► se tirera.se tirer de [+ danger, situation] to get o.s. out of• sa voiture était en mille morceaux mais lui s'en est tiré his car was smashed to pieces but he escaped unharmedb. bien/mal se tirer de qch [+ tâche] to handle sth well/badly• comment va-t-il se tirer de ce sujet/travail ? how will he cope with this subject/job?• les questions étaient difficiles mais il s'en est bien tiré the questions were difficult but he handled them wellc. ( = déguerpir) (inf!) to clear off (inf)• allez, on se tire come on, let's be off* * *tiʀe
1.
1) ( déplacer) to pull [véhicule]; to pull up [chaise]; to pull away [tapis]2) ( exercer une traction) ( avec une force régulière) to pull [cheveux]; to pull on [corde]; ( par à-coups) to tug at3) ( tendre)4) ( fermer) to draw [verrou, rideau]; to pull down [store]; to close [porte, volet]5) ( avec une arme) to fire off [balle, obus, grenade]; to fire [missile]; to shoot [flèche]tirer un corner/penalty — to take a corner/penalty
7) ( choisir au hasard)tirer (au sort) — to draw [carte, loterie, nom]; to draw for [partenaire]
9) ( sortir)10) ( faire sortir)11) ( obtenir)tirer de quelqu'un — to get [something] from somebody [renseignement, aveu]
tirer de quelque chose — to draw [something] from something [force, ressources]; to derive [something] from something [orgueil, satisfaction]; to make [something] out of something [argent]
tu ne tireras pas grand-chose de cette voiture — ( comme argent) you won't get much for this car; ( comme service) you won't get much out of this car
12) ( dériver)13) ( extraire)14) ( faire un tirage) to print [livre, négatif]; to run off [épreuve, exemplaire]tiré à part — [texte] off-printed
15) ( tracer) to draw [ligne, trait]tirer un chèque — to draw a cheque GB ou check US
tirer des plans — fig to draw up plans
16) (colloq) ( passer)plus qu'une heure/semaine à tirer — only one more hour/week to go
2.
verbe intransitif1) ( exercer une traction) to pulltirer sur quelque chose — to pull on something; ( d'un coup ou par à-coups) to tug at something
2) ( utiliser une arme) gén to shoot ( sur at); ( à feu) to fire ( sur at)elle lui a tiré dans la jambe — she shot him/her in the leg
3) ( au football) to shoot; (au handball, basket-ball) to take a shot4) ( choisir au hasard)5) ( prendre)6) ( aspirer)7) ( être imprimé)tirer à mille exemplaires — [périodique] to have a circulation of one thousand
8) ( aller vers)tirer sur le jaune/l'orangé — [couleur] to be yellowish/orangy
tirer sur la cinquantaine — [personne] to be pushing fifty
tirer à gauche/droite — [voiture] to pull to the left/right
3.
se tirer verbe pronominal1) ( sortir)se tirer de — to come through [situation, difficultés]
2) (sl) ( partir) to push off (colloq)3) ( avec une arme)se tirer dessus — ( l'un l'autre) lit to shoot at one another
4) (colloq) ( se débrouiller)s'en tirer — to cope, to manage
5) (colloq) ( échapper)s'en tirer — ( à un accident) to escape; ( à une maladie) to pull through; ( à une punition) to get away with it (colloq)
* * *tiʀe1. vt1) (pour arracher, amener à soi) to pullIl m'a tiré les cheveux. — He pulled my hair.
tiré par les cheveux fig (histoire, intrigue, explications) — far-fetched
2) (= fermer) [volet, porte, trappe] to pull to, to close, [rideau] to draw3) (= extraire)tirer qch de qch — to take sth from sth, to pull sth out of sth, [fruit, sol] to extract sth from sth
Elle a tiré un mouchoir de son sac. — She took a handkerchief from her bag., She pulled a handkerchief out of her bag.
tirer son nom de — to take one's name from, to get one's name from
tirer qn de qch [embarras] — to help sb out of sth, to get sb out of sth
4) (= sortir)5) (avec une arme) [balle, coup de feu] to fire, [animal] to shootIl a tiré plusieurs coups de feu. — He fired several shots.
6) [chèque] to draw7) (= tracer) to draw, to trace8) (= imprimer) [journal, livre, photo] to print9) (= choisir) [carte] to drawtirer les cartes — to read the cards, to tell the cards
10) FOOTBALL, [corner] to take11) NAVIGATION2. vi1)"Tirer" — "Pull"
tirer sur qch [corde, poignée] — to pull on sth, to pull at sth, [pipe] to draw on sth
2) (avec arme) to shoot, (= faire feu) to shoot, to firetirer à la carabine — to shoot with a rifle, to fire with a rifle
tirer sur qn (= faire feu sur) — to shoot at sb, to fire on sb
Il a tiré sur les policiers. — He shot at police officers., He fired on police officers.
3) FOOTBALL to shoot4) [cheminée] to draw5)* * *tirer verb table: aimerA vtr1 ( déplacer) [personne, animal, véhicule] to pull [véhicule]; [personne] to pull up [fauteuil, chaise]; [personne] to pull away [tapis]; tirer la tête en arrière to toss one's head back; ⇒ chapeau, couverture;2 ( exercer une traction) ( avec une force régulière) to pull [cheveux]; to pull on [corde]; ( par à-coups) to tug at [cordelette, manette, sonnette]; tirer qn par le bras to pull sb's arm; tirer les cheveux à qn to pull sb's hair; tirer qn par la manche to tug at sb's sleeve;3 ( tendre) tirer ses cheveux en arrière to pull back one's hair; tirer ses bas to pull up one's stockings; tirer sa chemise/jupe to straighten one's shirt/skirt; ⇒ épingle; se faire tirer la peau○ Cosmét to have a face-lift; la peau/ça me tire○ my skin/it feels tight;5 Mil to fire off [balle, obus, grenade]; to fire [missile]; tirer un coup de feu to fire a shot; tirer le canon ( pour honorer) to fire a salute; tirer vingt et un coups de canon to fire a twenty-one gun salute;6 ( propulser) to shoot [balle, flèche] (sur at); elle lui a tiré (une balle) dans le dos she shot him in the back;7 ( viser) tirer le canard/faisan/gibier to shoot duck/pheasant/game;8 Sport ( de ballon) tirer un corner/penalty to take a corner/penalty; tirer un coup franc ( au football) to take a free kick; (au handball, basket-ball) to take a free throw;9 ( choisir au hasard) tirer (au sort) to draw [carte, loterie, nom, gagnant, adversaire]; to draw for [partenaire]; tirer les blancs to draw white; tirer une bonne carte to draw a strong card;11 Astrol tirer les cartes à qn to tell the cards for sb; se faire tirer les cartes to have one's fortune told with cards;12 ( prendre) to draw [vin, bière, eau, électricité, argent] (de, sur from); tirer de l'eau du puits to draw water from the well; tirer de l'argent sur un compte to draw money from an account; ⇒ vin;13 ( sortir) tirer de qch to take [sth] out of sth [objet]; to pull [sb] out of sth [personne]; tirer un stylo de son sac/d'un tiroir to take a pen out of one's bag/out of a drawer; tirer un enfant de l'eau/des flammes to pull a child out of the water/out of the flames; tirer qch de sa poche to pull sth out of one's pocket; tirer une bouffée de sa cigarette/pipe to take a puff at ou on one's cigarette/pipe; ⇒ épingle, marron, ver;14 ( faire sortir) tirer de qch to get [sb/sth] out of sth [personne, pays, entreprise]; tirer le pays de la récession to get the country out of recession; tire-moi de là! get me out of this!; tirer qn d'une maladie to pull sb through an illness; tu l'as tirée de son silence/sa mélancolie you drew her out of her silence/her melancholy;15 ( obtenir) tirer de qn to get [sth] from sb [renseignement, aveu]; tirer de qch to draw [sth] from sth [force, ressources]; to derive [sth] from sth [orgueil, satisfaction]; to make [sth] out of sth [argent]; tu ne tireras pas grand-chose de cette voiture ( comme argent) you won't get much for this car; ( comme service) you won't get much out of this car; tu ne tireras pas grand-chose de lui (comme argent, renseignements, preuve d'intelligence) you won't get much out of him; tirer le maximum de la situation to make the most of the situation; tirer un son d'un instrument to get a note out of an instrument;16 ( dériver) tirer de qch to base [sth] on sth [récit, film]; to get [sth] from sth [nom]; le film est tiré du roman the film is based on the novel; la guillotine tire son nom de son inventeur the guillotine gets its name from its inventor; le mot est tiré de l'anglais the word comes from the English;17 ( extraire) tirer de qn/qch to take [sth] from sb/sth [texte]; to derive [sth] from sth [substance]; texte tiré de Zola/la Bible text taken from Zola/the Bible; le médicament est tiré d'une plante the drug comes from a plant;18 ( faire un tirage) to print [livre, tract, texte, négatif]; to run off [épreuve, exemplaire]; journal tiré à dix mille exemplaires newspaper with a circulation of ten thousand;19 ( tracer) to draw [ligne, trait]; tirer un chèque Fin to draw a cheque GB ou check US (sur on); tirer des plans fig to draw up plans; ⇒ comète;20 ○( passer) plus qu'une heure/semaine à tirer only one more hour/week to go; tirer quelques années en prison to spend a few years in prison.B vi1 ( exercer une traction) to pull; tirer sur qch ( avec une force régulière) to pull on sth; ( d'un coup ou par à-coups) to tug at sth; tire fort! pull hard!; tirer sur les rames to pull on the oars; tirer de toutes ses forces to heave with all one's might; le moteur tire bien/tire mal○ the engine is pulling well/isn't pulling properly; ⇒ corde;2 ( utiliser une arme) to shoot (sur at); ( à feu) to fire (sur at); tirer à l'arc to shoot with a bow and arrow; tirer à la carabine/à l'arbalète to shoot with a rifle/with a crossbow; tirer pour tuer to shoot to kill; tirer au fusil/en l'air/à balles réelles to fire a gun/into the air/with live ammunition; tirer le premier to fire first, to shoot first; se faire tirer dessus to come under fire, to be shot at; ⇒ boulet; elle lui a tiré dans la jambe she shot him in the leg;3 Sport ( au football) to shoot; (au handball, basket-ball) to take a shot; tirer au but ( au football) to take a shot at goal;4 ( choisir au hasard) tirer (au sort) to draw lots; on n'a qu'à tirer let's just draw lots; ⇒ paille;5 ( prendre) tirer sur to draw on; tirer sur son compte/ses réserves to draw on one's account/one's reserves;6 ( aspirer) la cheminée tire bien/tire mal the chimney draws well/doesn't draw well; tirer sur sa cigarette/pipe to draw on one's cigarette/pipe;7 Imprim, Presse tirer à mille exemplaires [périodique] to have a circulation of a thousand; à combien tire la revue? what's the circulation of the magazine?;8 ( avoir une nuance) tirer sur le jaune/le bleu/le vert/le violet/l'orangé to be yellowish/bluish/greenish/purplish/orangy; être d'un bleu tirant sur le vert to be greenish-blue;10 ( dévier) [voiture]tirer à gauche/droite to pull to the left/right; Équit tirer à la main [cheval] to pull.C se tirer vpr1 ( sortir) se tirer de to come through [situation, difficultés]; se tirer de ses ennuis to come through one's troubles; ⇒ pas;2 ◑( partir) je me tire I'm off○ GB, I'm splitting○; tire-toi get lost○; je me suis tiré de chez lui I cleared from his place; je me suis tiré de chez mes parents I left home; je vais me tirer à Montréal I'm going off to Montreal;3 ( se servir d'une arme) se tirer une balle to shoot oneself (dans in); se tirer une balle dans la tête to blow one's brains out; se tirer dessus ( l'un l'autre) lit to shoot at one another;4 ( exercer une traction) se tirer la moustache to pull at one's moustache;5 ○( se débrouiller) s'en tirer to cope; il s'en tire mal ( forte contrainte) he's finding it hard to cope; ( travail délicat) he doesn't do very well; comment est-ce que vous vous en tirez? how do you cope?; elle s'en tire mieux que lui ( épreuve de résistance) she is coping better than he is; ( épreuve d'habileté) she is doing better than him; elle s'en tire tout juste she just gets by;6 ○( échapper) s'en tirer ( à un accident) to escape; ( à une maladie) to pull through; ( à une punition) to get away with it○; je m'en suis tiré avec quelques égratignures I escaped with a few scratches; son médecin pense qu'elle s'en tirera her doctor thinks (that) she will pull through; sans diplôme, il ne s'en tirera jamais without a degree, he'll never get by; il ne s'en tirera pas comme ça he's not going to get away with it; s'en tirer à bon prix to get off lightly; ⇒ compte.[tire] verbe transitifA.[DÉPLACER]tirer quelqu'un par le bras/les cheveux/les pieds to drag somebody by the arm/hair/feet2. [amener à soi] to pull[étirer - vers le haut] to pull (up) ; [ - vers le bas] to pull (down)elle me tira doucement par la manche she tugged ou pulled at my sleevetirer ses cheveux en arrière to draw ou to pull one's hair backa. [accidentellement] to pull a threadb. [pour faire un jour] to draw a threada. [s'attribuer le mérite] to take all the creditb. [s'attribuer le profit] to take the lion's share3. [pour actionner - cordon d'appel, élastique] to pull ; [ - tiroir] to pull (open ou out)tirer les rideaux to pull ou to draw the curtainstire le portail derrière toi close the gates behind you, pull the gates toa. [pour ouvrir] to slide a bolt openb. [pour fermer] to slide a bolt to, to shoot a boltB.[EXTRAIRE, OBTENIR]1. [faire sortir]tirer quelque chose de to pull ou to draw something out oftirer le vin/cidre (du tonneau) to draw wine/cider (off from the barrel)tirer quelqu'un de [le faire sortir de] to get somebody out oftirer quelqu'un de son silence to draw somebody out (of his/her silence)2. [fabriquer]tirer quelque chose de to derive ou to get ou to make something fromtirer des sons d'un instrument to get ou to draw sounds from an instrument3. [percevoir - argent][retirer - chèque, argent liquide] to drawtirer de l'argent d'un compte to draw money out of ou to withdraw money from an account4. [extraire, dégager]tirer la morale/un enseignement de quelque chose to learn a lesson from somethingce que j'ai tiré de ce livre/cet article what I got out of this book/articlece roman tire son titre d'une chanson populaire the title of this novel is taken from a popular song5. [obtenir, soutirer]tirer quelque chose de: tirer de l'argent de quelqu'un to extract money from somebody, to get money out of somebodyon n'en tirera jamais rien, de ce gossea. (familier) [il n'est bon à rien] we'll never make anything out of this kidb. [il ne parlera pas] we'll never get this kid to talk, we'll never get anything out of this kid6. (familier) [voler]je me suis fait tirer mon portefeuille au cinéma! somebody nicked (UK) ou swiped (US) my wallet at the cinema!C.[PROJETER][balle, flèche] to shoot2. [feu d'artifice] to set offce soir, on tirera un feu d'artifice there will be a fireworks display tonight4. [à la pétanque, boule en main] to throw[boule placée] to knock out (separable)[en haltérophilie] to lift5. (locution)E.[TRACER, IMPRIMER]3. IMPRIMERIE [livre] to printce magazine est tiré à plus de 200 000 exemplaires this magazine has a print run ou a circulation of 200,000bon à tirer ‘passed for press’un bon à tirer [épreuve] a press proof4. (Belgique & locution)tu es assez grand, tu tires ton plan you're old enough to look after yourself————————[tire] verbe intransitifne tirez pas, je me rends! don't shoot, I surrender!tirez dans les jambes shoot at ou aim at the legstirer à balles/à blanc to fire bullets/blankstirer sur quelqu'un to take a shot ou to shoot ou to fire at somebodyils ont l'ordre de tirer sur tout ce qui bouge they've been ordered to shoot ou to fire at anything that moveson m'a tiré dessus I was fired ou shot at2. ARMEMENT & SPORTtirer à l'arc/l'arbalètea. [activité sportive] to do archery/crossbow archeryb. [action ponctuelle] to shoot a bow/crossbowtirer à la carabine/au pistoleta. [activité sportive] to do rifle/pistol shootingb. [action ponctuelle] to shoot with a rifle/pistolil a tiré dans le mur/petit filet he sent the ball against the wall/into the side netting4. [exercer une traction] to pulltire! pull!, heave!5. [aspirer - fumeur]tirer sur une pipe to draw on ou to pull at a pipetirer sur une cigarette to puff at ou to draw on a cigarette6. [avoir un bon tirage - cheminée, poêle]la cheminée/pipe tire mal the fireplace/pipe doesn't draw properly7. [peau] to feel tight[points de suture] to pullaïe, ça tire! ouch, it's pulling!8. JEUXtirer au sort to draw ou to cast lots9. IMPRIMERIEtirer à 50 000 exemplaires to have a circulation of ou to have a (print) run of 50,000 (copies)10. (locution, Belgique & Suisse)————————tirer à verbe plus préposition1. PRESSE2. NAUTIQUE3. (locution)————————tirer sur verbe plus préposition[couleur] to verge ou to border onses cheveux tirent sur le roux his hair is reddish ou almost red————————se tirer verbe pronominal (emploi passif)————————se tirer verbe pronominal intransitifs'il n'est pas là dans 5 minutes, je me tire if he's not here in 5 minutes I'm goingtire-toi! [ton menaçant] beat it!, clear ou push off!dès que je peux, je me tire de cette boîte as soon as I can, I'll get out of this dump2. [toucher à sa fin - emprisonnement, service militaire] to draw to a closeplus qu'une semaine, ça se tire quand même! only a week to go, it's nearly over after all!————————se tirer de verbe pronominal plus préposition[se sortir de] to get out ofil s'est bien/mal tiré de l'entrevue he did well/badly at the interviews'en tirer (familier) [s'en sortir]: avec son culot, elle s'en tirera toujours with her cheek, she'll always come out on topsi tu ne m'avais pas aidé à finir la maquette, je ne m'en serais jamais tiré if you hadn't given me a hand with the model, I'd never have managedrien à faire, je ne m'en tire pas! [financièrement] it's impossible, I just can't make ends meet!tu ne t'en tireras pas avec de simples excuses [être quitte] you won't get away ou off with just a few words of apologys'en tirer à ou avec ou pour [devoir payer] to have to payà quatre, on ne s'en tirera pas à moins de 150 euros le repas the meal will cost at least 150 euros for the four of usil ne s'en tirera pas comme ça he won't get off so lightly, he won't get away with iton n'a encaissé qu'un seul but, on ne s'en est pas trop mal tirés they scored only one goal against us, we didn't do too badly -
9 suo
1. adj hisdi cosa itssua f herdi cosa itsil suo maestro his teacheri suoi amici his friendsquesto libro è suo this is his bookSuo your2. pron: il suo hisdi cosa itsla sua f hersdi cosa its* * *suo agg.poss. di 3a pers.sing.1 ( riferito a persone) his ( di lui); her ( di lei); ( riferito a cose o animali di sesso non specificato) its; ( suo proprio) his own; her own; its own: Dante e il suo tempo, Dante and his times; la regina e i suoi sudditi, the Queen and her subjects; l'albero e i suoi frutti, the tree and its fruit; Napoli e i suoi dintorni, Naples and its surroundings; Roberto gioca nella squadra di calcio della sua scuola, Robert plays in his school football team; il cane dorme nella sua cuccia, the dog sleeps in its kennel; la ragazza viveva con suo padre e sua madre, the girl lived with her mother and father; l'attrice ha vinto il suo primo Oscar, the actress won her first Oscar; ciascuno è libero di esprimere il suo parere, everyone is free to express his own (o their own) opinion; ognuno vorrebbe avere una casa sua ( propria), everyone would like to have their own (o his own) house; ha comprato il terreno con i suoi ( propri) risparmi, he bought the land with his own savings; lei ha un suo modo di vedere le cose, she has her own way of looking at things; Venezia ha un suo fascino particolare, Venice has a (particular) charm of its own; gli dissi che quello era affar suo, I told him that that was his business // l'ho visto con un suo compagno di scuola, I saw him with a schoolfriend of his; mia moglie ha invitato alcune sue amiche, my wife has invited some friends of hers; lei mi guardò con quel suo sorriso ingenuo, she smiled at me in that innocent way of hers // Sua Eminenza, His Eminence; Sua Santità, His Holiness; Sua Altezza, His, Her Royal Highness; Sua Maestà, His, Her Majesty; Sua Signoria, His Lordship // in vece sua, instead of him, her (o in his, her stead) // per amor suo, for his, her sake (o for love of him, of her) // ogni cosa a suo tempo, everything in due course // non è più giovane, ha i suoi sessant'anni suonati, he isn't young any more; he's (well) over sixty // se non dorme le sue otto ore, si sente stanca, if she doesn't get her eight hours' sleep, she feels tired2 ( formula di cortesia) your: vuole mostrarmi il suo passaporto, per favore?, will you show me your passport, please?; La ringraziamo per la Sua lettera del 21 c.m., thank you for your letter of the 21st inst. // Suo Franco Rossi, Yours sincerely, Franco Rossi // Sua Eminenza, Your Eminence; Sua Santità, Your Holiness; Sua Altezza, Your (Royal) Highness; Sua Maestà, Your Majesty; Sua Signoria, Your Lordship3 ( con uso predicativo) his, hers; (rar.) its; ( formula di cortesia) yours: il libro che ti ho prestato è suo, the book I lent you is his, hers; egli sostiene che questa firma non è sua, he claims that this signature isn't his; è suo questo ombrello, signora?, is this umbrella yours, madam?4 (riferito a sogg. impers.) one's: ( suo proprio) one's own: uno non può sempre fare a modo suo, one can't always have one's own way (o you can't always have your own way); in tal caso, uno prende i suoi provvedimenti, in that case one makes one's own arrangements◆ pron.poss.1 ( riferito a persone) his ( di lui); hers ( di lei): ( formula di cortesia) yours: egli sostiene che questo documento non è il suo, he claims that this document isn't his; ero senza auto, e lei mi ha prestato la sua, I hadn't got my car, so she lent me hers; questo posto è occupato, signore, il suo è due file più avanti, This seat is taken, sir. Yours is two rows further on2 ( in espressioni ellittiche): con riferimento alla Sua pregiata del..., with reference to your letter of...; egli crede che io sia dalla sua, he thinks I'm on his side; è uno che sta molto sulle sue, he keeps himself to himself; lei deve sempre dire la sua, she must always have her say; ne ha combinata una delle sue, he's (gone and) done it again!; ognuno ha le sue, everyone has his (o their) own troubles◆ s.m.1 vive del suo, he lives on his income; ci ha rimesso del suo, he lost his own money // a ciascuno il suo, (prov.) each to his own2 ( partitivo): qualcosa, niente di suo, something, nothing of his own, her own; c'è ben poco di suo in questo lavoro, there's little of his own in this work3 pl. i suoi, his, her family (o his, her relatives, o fam. his, her folks); ( partigiani, seguaci) his, her supporters ∙ Come si nota dagli esempi, l'agg. e il pron. poss. di 3a pers. sing. concordano in ingl. col genere del possessore e non della cosa posseduta.* * *['suo] I suo (-a)suoi, sue pl1. agg possil(la) suo(a) — (maschile) his, (femminile) her, (neutro) its
il suo giardino — his (o her) garden
un suo amico — a friend of his (o hers)
è colpa sua — it's his (o her) fault
è casa sua; è la sua casa — it's his (o her) house
per amor suo — for love of him (o her)
Sua Altezza — His (o Her) Highness
2. pron possil(la) suo(a) — (maschile) his, his own, (femminile) hers, her own, (neutro) its, its own
è di Roberta questa macchina? - sì, è sua — is this Roberta's car? - yes, it's hers
3. sm1)ha speso del suo — he (o she) spent his (o her) own money
vive del suo — he (o she) lives on his (o her) own income
2)i suoi smpl — (genitori) his (o her) parents, (famiglia) his (o her) family, (amici, alleati) his (o her) own people, his (o her) side
lui è dei suoi — he is on his (o her) side
4. sfla sua — (opinione) his (o her) view
è dalla sua — (parte) he's on his (o her) side
II suo (-a)suoi, sue pl (forma di cortesia)anche lui ha avuto le sue — (disavventure) he's had his problems too
1. agg possil suo ombrello, signore! — your umbrella, sir!
suo devotissimo — (in lettere) your devoted servant
2. pron possil(la) suo(a) — yours, your own
scusi signore, è suo questo? — excuse me sir, is this yours?
3. pron poss m4. pron poss fla sua — (opinione) your view
* * *1) (di lui) his; (di lei) her; (di cosa o animale) itsi suoi figli — (di lui) his children; (di lei) her children
Sua Maestà — (il re) His Majesty; (la regina) Her Majesty
un suo amico — (di lui) a friend of his; (di lei) a friend of hers
quel suo compagno di scuola — (di lui) that school friend of his; (di lei) that school friend of hers
questo libro è suo — (di lui) this book is his; (di lei) this book is hers
2) (forma di cortesia) your3) il suo, f. la sua, m.pl. i suoi, f.pl. le sue pronome possessivo4) (di lui) his; (di lei) hers; (di cosa o animale) itsi suoi — (genitori) (di lui) his parents; (di lei) her parents; (parenti) (di lui) his relatives; (di lei) her relatives
5) (forma di cortesia) yours6) (denaro, beni)••Luca non vuole spendere del suo — Luca doesn't want to spend his own money o to pay out of his own pocket
Note:v. la nota della voce mio* * *suov. la nota della voce mio.1 (di lui) his; (di lei) her; (di cosa o animale) its; suo padre, sua madre (di lui) his father, mother; (di lei) her father, mother; i suoi figli (di lui) his children; (di lei) her children; la gatta e i suoi gattini the cat and its kittens; il computer e i suoi accessori the computer and its accessories; la ditta ha un suo avvocato the company has its own lawyer; Sua Santità His Holiness; Sua Maestà (il re) His Majesty; (la regina) Her Majesty; un suo amico (di lui) a friend of his; (di lei) a friend of hers; quel suo compagno di scuola (di lui) that school friend of his; (di lei) that school friend of hers; questo libro è suo (di lui) this book is his; (di lei) this book is hers2 (forma di cortesia) yourII il suo, f. la sua, m.pl. i suoi, f.pl. le sue1 (di lui) his; (di lei) hers; (di cosa o animale) its; è il suo, la sua (di lui) it's his; (di lei) it's hers; (in espressioni ellittiche) Anna vuole sempre dire la sua Anna always wants to have her say; Gigi ne ha fatta un'altra delle sue! Gigi has been up to one of his tricks again! i suoi (genitori) (di lui) his parents; (di lei) her parents; (parenti) (di lui) his relatives; (di lei) her relatives; ho ricevuto la Sua I received your letter2 (forma di cortesia) yours3 (denaro, beni) Luca non vuole spendere del suo Luca doesn't want to spend his own money o to pay out of his own pocket; lei vive del suo she lives on her own income. -
10 tenir
tenir [t(ə)niʀ]━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━➭ TABLE 22━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Lorsque tenir fait partie d'une locution comme tenir compagnie, tenir chaud, reportez-vous aussi à l'autre mot.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. <b. ( = maintenir dans un certain état) to keepc. ( = gérer) [+ hôtel, magasin, comptes, maison, ménage] to keepd. ( = détenir) to have• si je le tenais ! just let me get my hands on him!• parfait, je tiens mon article great, now I have my article• qu'est-ce qu'il tient ! (inf) ( = il est ivre) he's plastered (inf!) ; ( = il est idiot) he's such an idiot!e. ( = contrôler) [+ enfant, classe] to have under controlf. ( = organiser) [+ séance, réunion, conférence] to hold• il tenait sa droite [conducteur] he was keeping to the righth. ( = contenir) [récipient] to hold• avec tout ce travail, est-ce qu'il pourra tenir le coup ? with all that work will he be able to cope?j. ( = respecter) [+ promesse, pari, planning] to keep tok. (locutions)► tenir qn/qch pour ( = considérer comme) to regard sb/sth as• elle le tient pour responsable de l'accident she holds him responsible for the accident► tenir qch de qn to get sth from sb• tiens, voilà mon frère ! oh, there's my brother!• tiens, tiens ! well, well!2. <a. ( = rester en place) [objet fixe, nœud, clou] to hold ; [objets empilés, échafaudage] to stay up• la branche est cassée mais elle tient encore the branch is broken but it's still attached to the treeb. ( = durer) [accord, beau temps, coiffure] to hold ; [couleur] to be fast ; [mariage, fleurs] to last• ça tient toujours, notre pique-nique ? (inf) is our picnic still on?c. ( = résister) to hold out• il fait trop chaud, on ne tient plus ici it's too hot - we can't stand it here any longer• à cette table, on peut tenir à huit this table can seat eight3. <• tenir à ( = être attaché à) [+ réputation, opinion de qn] to care about ; [+ objet, personne] to be fond of ; ( = avoir pour cause) to be due to• tu veux aller au cinéma ? -- je n'y tiens pas do you want to go to the cinema? -- not particularly• il tient à ce que nous sachions... he is anxious that we should know...• tu viens avec nous ? -- si tu y tiens are you coming with us? -- if you really want me to• à quoi ça tient ? why is that?• tenir de ( = ressembler à) [+ parent] to take after4. <( = dépendre de) to depend► qu'à cela ne tienne ! no problem!5. <b. ( = être dans une position) se tenir debout to be standing up• redresse-toi, tu te tiens mal stand up straight, you're slouchingc. ( = se conduire) to behave• il n'a qu'à bien se tenir ! he'd better behave himself!d. ( = avoir lieu) [conférence, réunion] to be held ; [festival] to take placee. ( = être cohérent) [raisonnement] to hold togetherf. (locutions)► tiens-toi bien ! wait till you hear the next bit!• tu sais combien elle a gagné ? tiens-toi bien: 3 millions ! do you know how much she won? you won't believe it! - 3 million!► s'en tenir à ( = se limiter à) to confine o.s. to ; ( = se satisfaire de) to content o.s. with• je sais à quoi m'en tenir sur son compte I know the sort of man he is► se tenir pour ( = se considérer comme)• tenez-vous-le pour dit ! (avertissement) you've been warned!* * *təniʀ
1.
1) ( serrer) to holdtiens! — ( voici) here you are!; ( écoute-moi) look!
tiens! c'est pour toi — ( voici un cadeau) here, it's for you; ( voici une gifle) take that!
2) ( avoir sous son contrôle) to keep [somebody] under control3) Armée to hold4) ( avoir attrapé) to holdje te tiens! — I've caught ou got you!
pendant que je te tiens — fig whilst I've got you
tenir une grippe — (colloq) to have flu GB ou the flu US
5) ( posséder) to have [renseignements]6) ( avoir la charge de) to hold [emploi]; to run [boutique, maison, journal]; to be in charge of [standard, bureau d'accueil]7) ( garder) to keep‘tenir hors de portée des enfants’ — ‘keep out of reach of children’
tenir une note — Musique to hold a note
8) ( conserver une position)9) ( maintenir en place) to hold down [chargement]; to hold up [pantalon, chaussettes]10) ( ne pas s'écarter de) to keep to [trajectoire]11) ( résister)tenir la mer — [navire] to be seaworthy
tenir le coup — (physiquement, moralement) to hold out
tenir le choc — [matériel] to withstand the impact; [personne] to stand the strain
12) ( contenir) to hold [quantité, litres]13) ( occuper) [objet] to take up [espace, volume]; [personne] to hold [rôle, position]14) ( considérer)tenir quelqu'un/quelque chose pour responsable — to hold somebody/something responsible
2.
tenir à verbe transitif indirecttenir à — to be fond of, to like
tenir à sa réputation/à la vie — to value one's reputation/one's life
2) ( vouloir)3) ( être dû à)
3.
tenir de verbe transitif indirect1) ( ressembler à)il a de qui tenir — (colloq) you can (just) see who he takes after ou where he gets it from
2) ( s'apparenter à)
4.
verbe intransitif1) ( rester en place) [attache, corde, étagère, barrage, soufflé] to hold; [timbre, colle, sparadrap] to stick (à to); [assemblage, bandage] to stay in place; [coiffure] to stay tidy; [mise en plis] to stay in2) ( résister)tenir (bon) — ( surmonter les conditions) to hold out; ( refuser de capituler) gén to hang on; Armée to hold out; ( ne pas relâcher sa prise) [personne] to hang on
tenir sans cigarettes jusqu'à la fin de la réunion — to last without cigarettes till the end of the meeting
il n'y a pas de télévision qui tienne — (colloq) there's no question of watching television
3) ( durer)la couleur n'a pas tenu — the colour [BrE] has faded
4) ( rester valable) [théorie, argument] to hold good; [alibi] to stand up5) ( être contenu) [personnes, objets] to fit ( dans into)tenir en hauteur/largeur/longueur — to be short enough/narrow enough/short enough ( dans for)
5.
se tenir verbe pronominal1) ( soi-même) to hold2) ( l'un l'autre)3) ( s'accrocher) to hold ontiens-toi or tenez-vous bien — (colloq) fig prepare yourself for a shock
4) ( demeurer)se tenir accroupi/allongé — to be squatting/stretched out
se tenir tranquille — ( immobile) to keep still; ( silencieux) to keep quiet; ( dans la légalité) to behave oneself
se tenir immobile — ( debout) to stand still
5) ( se comporter) to behave6) ( avoir une posture)se tenir bien/mal — to have (a) good posture/(a) bad posture
tiens-toi droit! — ( debout) stand up straight!; ( assis) sit straight!
7) ( avoir lieu) [manifestation, exposition] to be held8) ( être liés) [événements] to fit together9) ( être cohérent) [raisonnement, œuvre] to hold together10) ( se considérer)tenez-vous le pour dit! — (colloq) I don't want to have to tell you again!
11) ( être fidèle)12) ( se limiter)
6.
verbe impersonnel
7.
tiens exclamation oh!tiens (donc), vous voilà! — oh, there you are!
tiens, vous croyez? — do you think so?
tiens donc! — iron fancy that!
tiens tiens (tiens)! — well, well!
* * *t(ə)niʀ1. vt1) (avec sa main) to holdTu peux tenir la lampe, s'il te plaît? — Can you hold the torch, please?
Il tenait un enfant par la main. — He was holding a child by the hand.
2) (= gérer) [magasin, hôtel] to run3) [promesse, engagement] to keep4) (= considérer)5) (= occuper)6) (= résister à)7) (= garder, maintenir)Tenez votre chien en laisse. — Keep your dog on the lead.
8) (= avoir reçu)tenir qch de qn [histoire] — to have heard sth from sb, [qualité, défaut] to have inherited sth from sb, to have got sth from sb
2. vi1) (= ne pas se défaire) [noeud, joint] to hold2) (= ne pas disparaître) [neige, gel] to last3) (= résister) (= survivre) to survivetiens, voilà le stylo! — there's the pen!
5) (exclamatif)Tiens, c'est Alain là-bas! — Look, that's Alain over there!
6)tenir à [ami, objet] — to be attached to, to care for
Il tient beaucoup à elle. — He's very attached to her., (= avoir pour cause) to be due to, to stem from, (= dépendre de)
tenir à faire — to really want to do, to be determined to do
Elle tient à y aller. — She's determined to go.
7)tenir de (= relever de) — to partake of, (= ressembler à) to take after
Il tient de son père. — He takes after his father.
* * *tenir verb table: venirA vtr1 ( serrer) to hold [objet, personne, animal]; tiens-moi ça hold this (for me); tiens-moi hold me; tiens-moi la main hold my hand; tenir qn par la main/le bras to hold sb's hand/arm; tenir un enfant contre sa poitrine to hold a child to one's breast; tenir qch à la main/dans ses mains to hold sth in one's hand/in one's hands; tenir un couteau par le manche to hold a knife by the handle; tenir la rampe to hold onto the banister; tenir son chien to hold one's dog; tenir fermement qch to hold sth firmly ou tightly; tenir qch serré sous le bras to hold sth firmly ou tightly under one's arm; tiens!, tenez! ( voici) here you are!; ( écoutez-moi) look!; tiens! c'est pour toi ( voici un cadeau) here, it's for you; ( voici une gifle) take that!; si je le tenais! if I could get or lay my hands on him!; bien tenir to hold on to [portefeuille, chien]; faire tenir une lettre/un message à qn† to dispatch a letter/a message to sb; ⇒ deux;2 ( avoir sous son contrôle) to keep [sb] under control [élèves, enfants]; tenir sa classe to control one's class well; tenir son cheval Équit to keep one's horse well in hand; il nous tient he's got a hold on us;3 Mil (occuper, contrôler) to hold [colline, pont, ville]; tenir la première place Sport to be in first place;4 ( avoir attrapé) to hold [animal, coupable, meurtrier]; je te tiens! I've caught ou got you!; pendant que je te tiens fig whilst I've got you; tenir une grippe○ to have flu GB ou the flu US;5 ( posséder) to have [preuves, renseignements]; il tient le sujet de son prochain roman he's got the subject of his next novel; tenir qch de qn to get sth from sb [trait physique, caractère, information]; il tient ses yeux bleus de son père he gets his blue eyes from his father; il tient ses informations d'un ami he got his information from a friend; je tiens cette nouvelle de Paul I got this news from Paul; d'où or de qui tenez-vous ce renseignement? where did you get that information?; d'où tenez-vous cette certitude? what makes you so certain?; elle tient ses bijoux de sa mère she inherited her jewels from her mother;6 ( avoir la charge de) to hold [emploi, poste, assemblée]; to run [café, boutique, maison, journal, municipalité]; to be in charge of, to be on duty on [standard, bureau d'accueil]; bien tenir sa maison to keep one's house spick and span; tenir la comptabilité to keep the books;7 ( garder) to keep; tenir qn occupé to keep sb busy; tenir sa chambre propre to keep one's room tidy; tenir les aliments au frais to keep food in a cool place; ‘tenir hors de portée des enfants’ ‘keep out of reach of children’; tenir un accord secret to keep an agreement secret; tenir la porte fermée to keep the door closed; tenir une note Mus to hold a note; tenir un article† to carry an item; tenir les cours† Fin to maintain prices;8 ( conserver une position) tenir sa tête droite/immobile to hold one's head upright/still; tenir les bras écartés to hold one's arms apart; tenir les mains/les bras en l'air to hold up one's hands/one's arms; tenir les yeux ouverts/baissés to keep one's eyes open/lowered; tenir les poings serrés to keep one's fists clenched;9 ( maintenir en place) to hold down [chargement]; to hold up [pantalon, chaussettes]; tenir la porte fermée avec son pied to hold the door shut with one's foot;10 ( ne pas s'écarter de) to keep to [trajectoire]; to keep [rythme] ; tenir sa droite/sa gauche to keep to the right/to the left; tenir le large to stay in open waters;11 ( résister) ne pas tenir la comparaison not to bear comparison; tenir l'eau to be waterproof; tenir la mer [navire] to be seaworthy; tenir le coup (physiquement, moralement) to hold out; tenir le choc lit [matériel, appareil, verre] to withstand the impact; [personne] to stand the strain;12 ( contenir) to hold [quantité]; tenir vingt litres to hold twenty litresGB; ma voiture ne tient que deux personnes there's room for only two people in my car;13 ( occuper) [objet] to take up [espace, place, volume]; [personne] to hold [rôle, position]; tenir peu de place not to take up much room; tenir la place de deux personnes to take up as much room as two people; le monument tient le centre de la place the monument stands in the centreGB of the square;14 ( considérer) tenir qch pour sacré to hold sth sacred; tenir qn pour responsable to hold sb responsible; je le tiens pour un lâche I consider him (to be) a coward; je tiens mes renseignements pour exacts I consider my information to be correct; tenir qn pour mort to give sb up for dead; tenir pour certain que to regard it as certain that.B tenir à vtr ind1 ( avoir de l'attachement pour) tenir à to be fond of, to like [personne, objet]; tenir à sa réputation/à la vie to value one's reputation/one's life; il tient à son argent he can't bear to be parted from his money; tenir à son indépendance to like one's independence; tenir au corps [aliment] to be nourishing;2 ( vouloir) j'y tiens I insist; si vous y tenez if you insist; tenir à faire to want to do; elle tient à vous parler she insists on speaking to you; je ne tiens pas à faire I'd rather not do; tenir à ce que qn fasse to insist that sb should do; je ne tiens pas à ce qu'elle fasse I'd rather she didn't do; je tiens beaucoup à la revoir I'd really like to see her again; il tient à rentrer avant la nuit he's anxious to get home before dark; nous tenons absolument à vous avoir à dîner bientôt you really must come to dinner soon; ne reste pas si tu n'y tiens pas don't stay if you don't want to;3 ( être dû à) tenir à to be due to; la mauvaise récolte tient au manque d'eau the poor harvest is due to a lack of water; tes erreurs tiennent à ton inexpérience your mistakes are due to your lack of experience.C tenir de vtr ind1 ( ressembler à) tenir de to take after; tenir de sa mère/son père to take after one's mother/one's father; il a de qui tenir○ you can (just) see who he takes after ou where he gets it from; de qui peut-elle tenir pour être si méchante? where does she get her nastiness from?;D vi1 ( rester en place) [clou, attache, corde, étagère, barrage, soufflé] to hold; [timbre, colle, sparadrap] to stick; [assemblage, bandage] to stay in place; [coiffure] to stay tidy; [mise en plis] to stay in; tenir au mur avec de la colle/des épingles ( adhérer) to stick to the wall with glue/pins; tenir sur une jambe/un pied to stand on one leg/one foot; ces chaussures ne me tiennent pas aux pieds these shoes won't stay on my feet;2 ( résister) tenir (bon) ( surmonter les conditions) [personne, matériel] to hold out; ( refuser de capituler) gén to hang on, to hold out; Mil to hold out; ( ne pas relâcher sa prise) [personne] to hang on; tenir sans cigarettes jusqu'à la fin de la réunion to last ou go without cigarettes till the end of the meeting; tenir jusqu'à la fin de la réunion to hold out until the end of the meeting; tenir économiquement to hold ou last out in economic terms; j'espère que ma voiture va tenir (bon) I hope my car will last out; on a voulu me renvoyer mais j'ai tenu (bon) they wanted to fire me but I hung on; je ne peux plus (y) tenir I can't stand it any longer; il n'y a pas de télévision qui tienne○ there's no question of watching television;3 ( durer) le plan tient-il toujours? is the plan still on?; leur mariage tient encore their marriage is still holding together; le soleil n'a pas tenu longtemps the sun didn't last long; la neige tient/ne tient pas the snow is settling/is not settling; les fleurs n'ont pas tenu the flowers didn't last long; la couleur n'a pas tenu the colourGB has faded; tenir au lavage [couleur] not to run in the wash GB ou laundry US;4 ( rester valable) [théorie, argument] to hold good; ton alibi ne tient plus your alibi no longer stands up; ‘ça tient toujours pour demain?’ ‘is it still all right for tomorrow?’;5 ( être contenu) [personnes, véhicule, meubles, objets] to fit (dans into); mes vêtements tiendront dans une valise my clothes will fit into one suitcase; tenir à six dans une voiture to fit six into a car; faire tenir six personnes dans une voiture to fit six people into a car; mon article tient en trois pages my article takes up only three pages; tenir en hauteur/largeur/longueur to be short enough/narrow enough/short enough (dans for); tenir en hauteur dans une pièce to fit into a room (heightwise); ne pas tenir en hauteur/largeur/longeur to be too tall/wide/long (dans for); ne pas tenir en largeur dans un espace to be too wide for a space.E se tenir vpr1 ( soi-même) [personne] to hold [tête, ventre, bras]; se tenir la tête de douleur to hold one's head in pain; se tenir la tête à deux mains to hold one's head in one's hands;2 ( l'un l'autre) se tenir par le bras [personnes] to be arm in arm; ils se tenaient par la taille they had their arms around each other's waists; se tenir par la main [personnes] to hold hands;3 ( s'accrocher) to hold on; se tenir par les pieds to hold on with one's feet; se tenir à une branche/à la rampe to hold onto a branch/onto the banisters; se tenir d'une main à qch to hold onto sth with one hand; tiens-toi or tenez-vous bien○ fig prepare yourself for a shock;4 ( demeurer) se tenir accroupi/allongé/penché/courbé/à genoux to be squatting/stretched out/leaning/bent over/kneeling; se tenir au milieu/à la porte ( debout) to be standing in the middle/at the door; se tenir caché/sans bouger/au chaud to stay hidden/still/in the warm; se tenir prêt to be ready; se tenir tranquille ( immobile) to keep still; ( silencieux) to keep quiet; ( dans la légalité) to behave oneself; se tenir immobile ( debout) to stand still;5 ( se comporter) to behave; se tenir bien/mal to behave well/badly; savoir se tenir to know how to behave; tiens-toi bien! behave yourself!;6 ( avoir une posture) se tenir droit or bien/mal to have (a) good posture/(a) bad posture; tiens-toi droit! ( debout) stand up straight!; ( assis) sit straight!;7 ( avoir lieu) [manifestation, exposition] to be held; la réunion se tiendra au Caire the meeting will be held in Cairo;8 ( être liés) [événements] to fit together;9 ( être cohérent) [exposé, raisonnement, œuvre] to hold together; il n'y a rien à dire, tout se tient there's nothing to be said, it all holds together; ça se tient it makes sense;10 ( se considérer) se tenir pour to consider oneself to be; je me tiens pour satisfait des résultats I consider myself to be satisfied with the results; tenez-vous le pour dit○! I don't want to have to tell you again!;11 ( être fidèle) s'en tenir à to stand by; je m'en tiendrai à ma promesse/notre accord/leur décision I will stand by my promise/our agreement/their decision;12 ( se limiter) s'en tenir à to keep to; s'en tenir au minimum/au sujet to keep to a minimum/to the point; s'en tenir aux ordres to stick to orders; s'en tenir là to leave it there; ne pas savoir à quoi s'en tenir avec qn/qch not to know what to make of sb/sth.F v impers il ne tient qu'à toi de partir it's up to you to decide whether to leave; qu'à cela ne tienne! never mind!G tiens excl oh!; tiens (donc), vous voilà! oh, there you are!; tiens, je parie que c'est ta mère! oh! I bet it's your mother; tiens, vous croyez? do you think so?; tiens, tu es invité aussi? oh! so you've been invited as well?; tiens, tu n'étais pas au courant? didn't you know?; tiens donc! iron fancy that!; tiens tiens (tiens)! well, well!en tenir pour qn to have a crush on sb.[tənir] verbe transitifA.[AVOIR DANS LES MAINS]1. [retenir] to hold (on to)je tenais mal la bouteille et elle m'a échappé I wasn't holding the bottle tightly enough and it slipped2. [manier] to holdtu tiens mal ta raquette/ton arc you're not holding your racket/your bow properlyB.[CONSERVER]tiens-lui la porte, il est chargé hold the door open for him, he's got his hands full2. [garder - note] to hold‘tenez votre droite’a. [sur la route] ‘keep (to the) right’b. [sur un Escalator] ‘keep to the right’4. (Belgique) [collectionner] to collectC.[POSSÉDER]1. [avoir reçu]tenir quelque chose de quelqu'un [par hérédité] to get something from somebody[avoir à sa merci] to have gotah, ah, petit coquin, je te tiens! got you, you little devil!si je tenais celui qui a défoncé ma portière! just let me get ou lay my hands on whoever smashed in my car door!elle m'a tenu une heure avec ses histoires de divorce I had to listen to her going on about her divorce for a whole hourpendant que je vous tiens (au téléphone), pourrais-je vous demander un service? since I'm speaking to you (on the phone), may I ask you a favour?3. [détenir - indice, information, preuve] to have ; [ - contrat] to have, to have won ; [ - réponse, solution] to have (found) ou gottenir quelque chose de [l'apprendre] to have (got) something fromil a eu des troubles psychologiques — de qui tenez-vous cela? he's had psychological problems — who told you that?nous tenons de source sûre/soviétique que... we have it on good authority/we hear from Soviet sources that...tenir quelque chose de [le tirer de]: je tiens mon autorité de l'État I derive my power from the stateelle en tient une couche! (familier) she's as thick as two short planks (UK), what a dumb bell! (US)il en tient une bonne ce soir (familier) he's had a skinful (UK) ou he's three sheets to the wind tonightb. [il est ivre] he's really plastered!4. [transmettre]nous vous ferons tenir une copie des documents (soutenu) we will make sure you receive a copy of the documentsD.[CONTRÔLER, AVOIR LA RESPONSABILITÉ DE]1. [avoir prise sur, dominer] to holdquand la colère le tient, il peut être dangereux he can be dangerous when he's angryla jalousie le tenait jealousy had him in its grip, he was gripped by jealousy[avoir de l'autorité sur - classe, élève] to (keep under) controltenir la caisse to be at the cash desk, to be the cashierelle tient la rubrique artistique à "Madame" she has a regular Arts column in "Madame"le soir, il tenait le bar at night he used to serve behind the barle tribunal tiendra audience dans le nouveau bâtiment the court hearings will be held in the new buildingtenir des propos désobligeants/élogieux to make offensive/appreciative remarks5. [astreint à]je me sens tenu de la prévenir I feel morally obliged ou duty-bound to warn her7. ÉQUITATION [cheval] to keep in handE.[EXPRIME UNE MESURE]tenir une place importante to have ou to hold an important place2. [contenir] to holdF.[ÊTRE CONSTANT DANS]1. [résister à] (to be able) to takea. (familier) [assemblage, vêtements] to hold outb. [digue] to hold (out)c. [personne] (to be able) to take itle soir, je ne tiens pas le coup I can't take late nightstenir une promesse to keep ou to fulfil a promise[s'engager dans - pari]je tiens la gageure ou le pari! I'll take up the challenge!tenir quelqu'un/quelque chose pour to consider somebody/something to be, to look upon somebody/something as————————[tənir] verbe intransitif1. [rester en position - attache] to hold ; [ - chignon] to stay up, to hold ; [ - bouton, trombone] to stay on ; [ - empilement, tas] to stay upmets du gel, tes cheveux tiendront mieux use gel, your hair'll hold its shape betterle porridge vous tient au corps ou à l'estomac porridge keeps you goingfaire tenir quelque chose avec de la colle/des clous to glue/to nail something into positiona. [être fixé à] to be fixed on ou tob. [être contigu à] to be next to[personne]il ne tient pas encore bien sur sa bicyclette/ses skis/ses jambes he's not very steady on his bike/his skis/his legs yetcet enfant ne tient pas sur sa chaise this child can't sit still ou is always fidgeting in his chair2. [résister - union] to last, to hold out ; [ - chaise, vêtements] to hold ou to last out ; [ - digue] to hold out ; [ - personne] to hold ou to last outje ne tiens plus au soleil, je rentre I can't stand the sun any more, I'm going intes arguments ne tiendront pas longtemps face à la réalité your arguments won't hold for very long when faced with realitytenir bon ou fermea. [s'agripper] to hold firm ou tightb. [ne pas céder] to hold outtenez bon, les secours arrivent hold ou hang on, help's on its wayil me refusait une augmentation, mais j'ai tenu bon he wouldn't give me a rise but I held out ou stood my groundne pas y tenir, ne (pas) pouvoir y tenir: n'y tenant plus, je l'appelai au téléphone unable to stand it any longer, I phoned himça sent si bon le chocolat, je ne vais pas pouvoir y tenir there's such a gorgeous smell of chocolate, I just won't be able to resist it3. [durer, ne pas s'altérer - fleurs] to keep, to last ; [ - tissu] to last (well) ; [ - beau temps] to last, to hold out ; [ - bronzage] to last ; [ - neige] to settle, to stayil n'y a pas de "mais ma tante" qui tienne, tu vas te coucher! there's no "but Auntie" about it, off to bed with you!5. [pouvoir être logé] to fittenir en hauteur/largeur (dans) to fit vertically/widthwise (in)6. (locution)a. (familier) [aimer] to be hooked on somethingb. [ne considérer que] to stick to somethingtiens, tenez [en donnant quelque chose] heretiens, tenez [pour attirer l'attention, pour insister]: tiens, le tonnerre gronde listen, it's thunderingtiens, rends-toi utile here, make yourself usefultenez, je ne vous ferai même pas payer l'électricité look, I won't even charge you for the electricitys'il est intéressé par le salaire? tiens, bien sûr que oui! is he interested in the salary? you bet he is!tiens, tenez [exprime la surprise, l'incrédulité]: tiens, Bruno! que fais-tu ici? (hello) Bruno, what are you doing here?tiens, je n'aurais jamais cru ça de lui well, well, I'd never have expected it of himun tiens vaut mieux que deux tu l'auras (proverbe) a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush (proverbe)————————tenir à verbe plus préposition1. [être attaché à - personne] to care for, to be very fond of ; [ - objet] to be attached to ; [ - réputation] to care about ; [ - indépendance, liberté] to valuesi tu tiens à la vie... if you value your life...2. [vouloir]tenir à faire quelque chose to be eager to do ou to be keen on doing somethingje tiens à être présent à la signature du contrat I insist on being there when the contract is signedtu veux lui parler? — je n'y tiens pas vraiment would you like to talk to him? — not really ou not particularlytenir à ce que: je tiens à ce qu'ils aient une bonne éducation I'm most concerned that they should have a good educationvenez dîner, j'y tiens absolument! come and have dinner, I insist!le bonheur tient parfois à peu de chose sometimes it's the little things that give people the most happiness4. (tournure impersonnelle) [être du ressort de]s'il ne tenait qu'à moi if it was up to me ou my decision————————tenir de verbe plus préposition1. [ressembler à] to take afterce chien tient à la fois de l'épagneul et du setter this dog is a sort of cross between a spaniel and a setterelle est vraiment têtue/douée — elle a de qui tenir! she's so stubborn/gifted — it runs in the family!2. [relever de]————————se tenir verbe pronominal (emploi réciproque)se tenir par le cou/la taille to have one's arms round each other's shoulders/waists————————se tenir verbe pronominal (emploi passif)————————se tenir verbe pronominal transitifse tenir la tête à deux mains to hold ou to clutch one's head in one's hands————————se tenir verbe pronominal intransitif1. [se retenir] to hold on (tight)b. [fortement] to cling to, to clutch, to grip2. [se trouver - en position debout] to stand, to be standing ; [ - en position assise] to sit, to be sitting ou seateda. [debout] to stand up straightb. [assis] to sit up straightse tenir aux aguets to be on the lookout, to watch out3. [se conduire] to behave4. [être cohérent]a. [argumentation, intrigue] to hold together, to stand upb. [raisonnement] to hold water, to hold together5. (locution)d'abord ingénieur puis directrice d'usine, elle ne s'en est pas tenue là she started out as an engineer, then became a factory manager, but she didn't stop therene pas se tenir de [joie, impatience] to be beside oneself withtiens-toi bien, tenez-vous bien: ils ont détourné, tiens-toi bien, deux millions d'euros! they embezzled, wait for it, 2 million euros!elle a battu le record, tenez-vous bien, de plus de deux secondes! she broke the previous record and by over two seconds, would you believe!————————se tenir pour verbe pronominal plus préposition1. [se considérer comme]je ne me tiens pas encore pour battu I don't reckon I'm ou I don't consider myself defeated yetje ne me tiens pas pour un génie I don't regard myself as ou think of myself as ou consider myself a genius2. (locution)je ne supporterai pas tes insolences, tiens-le-toi pour dit! I'll say this only once, I won't put up with your rudeness! -
11 TAKA
* * *I)(tek; tók, tókum; tekinn), v.1) to take, catch, seize (tóku þeir laxinn ok otrinn ok báru með sér);G. tók inni vinstri hendi spjótit á lopti, G. caught the spear with his left hand;man hón taka fé okkart allt með ráni, she will take all our goods by force;taka e-n höndum, to seize one, take captive;tökum vápn vár, let us take to our weapons;2) fig., taka trú, to take the faith, become a Christian;taka skírn, to be baptized;taka hvíld, to take a rest;taka flótta, to take to flight;taka rœðu, umrœðu, to begin a parley;taka ráð, to take a counsel (= taka til ráðs);taka e-n orðum, to address one;taka sættir or sættum, to accept terms;taka þenna kost, to take this choice;taka stefnu, to fix a meeting;taka boði, to accept an offer;taka sótt, to be taken ill;taka úgleði, to get out of spirits;taka andviðri, to meet with contrary winds;taka konung, to take, elect a king;taka konu, to take a wife;taka úkunna stigu, to take to unknown ways;taka e-n or e-m vel, to receive one well;taka e-t þvert, to take a thing crossly, deny flatly;taka upp höndum, to raise the hands;3) to reach, stretch forth, touch;fremri hyrnan tók viðbeinit, the upper horn caught the collar bone;því at ek tek eigi heim í kveld, for I shall not reach home to-night;hárit tók ofan á belti, the hair came down to her waist;4) to reach and take harbour (þeir tóku land á Melrakka-sléttu);5) to take, hold, of a vessel (ketill, er tók tvær tunnur);6) to be equivalent to, be worth (hringrinn tók tólf hundruð mórend);7) with infin., to begin (hann tók at yrkja, þegar er hann var ungr);nú taka öll húsin at lóga, now the whole house began to blaze;impers., þá tók at lægja veðrit, then the wind began to fall;8) to touch, regard, concern (þat allt, sem leikmenn tekr);9) to catch (up), come up with (hann var allra manna fóthvatastr, svá at engi hestr tók hann á rás);10) to start, rush (Eirikr tók út or stofunni, en konungr bað menn hlaupa eptir honum);taka á rás, taka frá, to take to running, run away (svá illt sem nú er frá at taka, þá mun þó síðarr verra);11) impers. it is taken;þá tók af veðrit (acc.) then the storm abated;kom á fótinn, svá at af tók, the stroke came on his leg, so that it was cut off;sýnina tekr frá e-m, one becomes blind;tók út skip Þangbrands, Th.’s ship drifted out;um várit er sumarhita tók, when the summer heat set in;12) with preps, and advs., taka e-n af lífi, lífdögum, taka e-n af, to take one’s life, put to death;taka e-n af nafni ok veldi, to deprive one of his title and power;taka af hesti, to take (the saddle) off a horse;taka e-t af e-m, to take a thing from one, deprive one of (er vér tókum seglit af honum, þá grét hann);taka af sér ópit, to cease weeping;taka e-t af e-m, to get frotn one (tekr hann af öllu fólki mikil lof);taka mikinn (mikil), lítinn (lítil) af e-u, to make (say) much, little of;hón tók lítil af öllu, she said little about it, took it coldly;øngan tek ek af um liðveizlu við þik, I will not pledge myself as to helping thee;taka e-t af, to choose, take;G. bauð þér góð boð, en þú vildir engi af taka, G. made thee good offers, but thou wouldst take none of them;fara sem fœtr mega af taka, at the top of one’s speed;hann sigldi suðr sem af tók, as fast as possible;to abolish, do away with (lagði á þat allan hug al taka af heiðni ok fornar venjur);taka e-t aptr, to take back, render void (taka aptr þat, er ek gef); to recall (taka aptr orð, heil sín);taka á e-u, to touch (hón tók á augum hans);taka vel, auðvelliga, lítt, illa á e-u, to take (a thing) well, in good part, ill, in ill part (fluttu þeir þetta fyrir jarli, en hann tók vel á);taka e-t á sik, to take upon oneself (kvaðst heldr vilja taka þat á sik at gefa honum annát augat);tóku þeir á sik svefn mikinn, they fell fast asleep;taka arf eptir e-n, to inherit one;taka e-t eptir, to get in return;með því at þú gerir svá, sem ek býð þér, skaltu nökkut eptir taka, thou shalt have some reward;taka e-t frá e-m, to take a thing away from one (þeir tóku spjótin frá þeim ok báru út á ána);taka e-n frá e-u, to deprive one of (taka e-n frá landi, ríki);taka e-t fyrir e-t, to take in return for (hann keypti sveinana ok tók fyrir þá vesl gott ok slagning); to take for, look upon as (lökum vér þat allt fyrir satt; því tek ek þat fyrir gaman);taka fyrir e-t, to refuse (tók E. eigi fyrir útanferð at sumri);taka hendi í e-t, to thrust one’s hand into;taka í hönd e-m, to shake hands with one;taka í móti, to offer resistance (þeir brendu víða bygðina, en bœndr tóku ekki í móti);taka niðr, to pull down, demolish (taka niðr til grundvallar allt þat verk); to graze a little, = taka til jarðar (þeir láta nú taka niðr hesta sína);taka niðri, to touch (feel) the bottom;taka ofan, to take down (Högni tekr ofan atgeirinn); to pull down (hann hafði látil taka ofan skála sinn);taka í sundr, to cut asunder;impers., slœmdi sverðinu til hans, svá at í sundr tók manninn, so that the man was cleft asunder;taka til e-s, to take to (tóku þá margir til at níða hann);taka til máls (orðs, orða), to begin to speak;nú er þar til máls at taka, at, now we must take up the story at this point, that;taka til varnar, to begin the defence;taka til e-s, to have recourse to, resort to (taka e-t til ráðs, bragðs); to concern (þetta mál, er til konungs tók);láta e-t til sín taka, to let it concern oneself, meddle with (Gísli lét fátt til sín taka);taka e-n til e-s, to choose, elect (Ólafr var til konungs tekinn um allt land);absol., taka til, to begin (hann hélt allt austr um Svínasund, þá tók til vald Svíakonungs);taka e-t til, to take to, do;ef hann tekr nökkut illt til, if he takes to any ill;taka um e-t, to take hold of, grasp (nú skaltu taka um fót honum);taka e-t undan, to take away;impers., undan kúnni tók nyt alla, the cow ceased to give milk;taka undan, to run away, escape (B. tók undan með rás);taka undir e-t, to take hold under a thing;hann tók undir kverkina ok kyssti hana, he took her by the chin and kissed her;to undertake, take upon oneself;H. kvaðst ekki taka mundu undir vandræði þeira, H. said he would have nothing to do with their troubles;taka undir e-t með e-m, to back, help one in a thing (vil ek, at þér takit undir þetta mál með mér);þau tóku undir þetta léttiliga, they seconded it readily;hann tók seinliga undir, he was slow to answer;taka undir, to echo, resound (fjöllin tóku undir);taka e-t undir sik, to take on hand (Gizurr tók undir sik málit); to lay hold of (hann tekr undir sik eignir þær, er K. átti í Noregi);taka e-t upp, to pick up (S. tók upp hanzka sinn);taka upp fé fyrir e-m, to seize on, confiscate;taka upp borð, to set up the tables before a meal, but also to remove them after a meal;taka upp bygð sína, to remove one’s abode;hón tekr mart þat upp, er fjarri er mínum vilja, she takes much in hand that is far from my will;drykk ok vistir, svá sem skipit tók upp, as the ship could take;taka upp ný goðorð, to establish new priesthoods;taka upp verknað, to take up work;taka upp stœrð, to take to pride;taka upp sök, to take up a case;taka upp draum, to interpret a dream;taka e-t upp, to choose (seg nú skjótt, hvern kost þú vill upp taka);absol., taka upp, to extend, rise (rekkjustokkr tekr upp á millum rúma okkarra);taka út, to run out (E. tók út ór stofunni);taka við e-u, to receive (A. hafði tekit við föðurarf sínum);taka vel við e-m, to receive one well, give one a hearty welcome;taka við trú, to take the faith;þeir tóku vel við, they made a bold resistance;tók við hvárr af öðrum, one took up where the other left off;taka yfir e-t, to extend over (hann skal eignast af Englandi þat, sem uxahúð tekr yfir);impers. to come to an end, succeed (kveðst nú vænta, at nú mundi yfir taka);þeir munu allt til vinna at yfir taki við oss, to get the better of us;13) refl., takast;f.1) taking, capture, of a fortress, prisoner;2) taking, seizing, of property;* * *pres. tek, tekr; tökum, takit, taka; pret. tók, tókt (tókst), tók, pl. tóku; subj. tæki (tœki); imperat. tak, taktú; part. tekinn: with neg. suff. tek’k-at ek, I take not, Kristni S. (in a verse); tak-a-ttu, take thou not, Fas. i. (in a verse); tekr-at, Grág. (Kb.) i. 9: [Ulf. têkan, pret. taitok = απτεσθαι; Swed. take; Dan. tage, sounded tā, ‘du tar det ikke, vil du ta det;’ Engl. take is a word borrowed from the Dan., which gradually displaced the Old Engl. niman.]A. To take hold of, seize, grasp; taka sér alvæpni, Eg. 236; tóku menn sér þar byrðar ok báru út, Egill tók undir hönd sér mjöð-drekku, 237; nú taki hest minn, ok skal ek ríða eptir honum, 699; tóku þeir skíð sín ok stigu á, 545; hann tók inni vinstri hendi spjótið ok skaut, Nj. 42; lauk upp kistu ok tók upp góð kvennmanna-klæði, Ld. 30; hann tekr nú bogann, … tekr nú kaðal einn, Fas. ii. 543; taka upp net, K. Þ. K. 90; hross skal maðr taka ok teyma ok hepta, þótt heilagt sé, id.2. to seize; þeir tóku þar herfang mikit, Nj. 43; tóku skipit ok allt þat er á var, Fms. vii. 249; þeir tóku þar skútu, viii. 438; tóku skip hans, landtjald, klæði, ix. 275; taka fé okkat allt með ráni, Nj. 5; engi maðr skal fyrir öðrum taka, Gþl. 473; hann leiddi þik til arfs … munu taka óvinir þínir ef þú kemr eigi til, Nj. 4; þeir tóku bæinn, seized, Sturl. ii. 149; kona hafði tekit ( stolen) … ok vildi hann refsa henni, Fms. vii. 330.3. to catch; Skotar munu hafa tekit njósnir allar, Nj. 126; standi menn upp ok taki hann, 130; hann skyldi taka hundinn, 114; þeir tóku á sundi mann einn, Fms. vii. 225; gröf, at taka í dýr, Flóv. 33; taka höndum, to lay hold of, take captive, Nj. 114, 275; in a good sense, Fms. x. 314.4. taka e-n af lífi, to take one from life, Fms. x. 3, Eg. 70; taka e-n af lífdögum, id., Fms. vii. 204: ellipt., taka af (af-taka), to take one off, put to death, Js. 23; taka e-n af nafni ok veldi, to deprive of …, Eg. 268; tóku þeir af eignum jarla konungs, Fms. i. 6: taka af e-m, to take a thing from one, x. 421, Nj. 103, 131, Eg. 120, Ld. 288; taka frá e-m, to take from, off, Nj. 253, K. Þ. K. 48; taka ofan, to take down, pull down, Nj. 119, 168; taka ór, to set apart, 232; taka undir sik, to take under oneself, subject, Fms. x. 24: to take charge of, Nj. 110, Eg. 725: taka upp, to take up, pick up, assume, 23.5. to take, grasp; taka í hönd e-m, to shake hands, Nj. 129; taka á lopti, to interrupt, Fms. x. 314; taka í ketil, of the ordeal, Grág. i. 381, Gkv. 3. 7; taka í jörð, to graze, of an animal, Bs. i. 338; jó lætr til jarðar taka, Skm. 15; skulu þér láta taka niðr hesta yðra, to graze a little, Band. 14 new Ed.; tók einn þeirra niðr í sinn klæðsekk, Stj.II. metaph., taka upphaf, to begin, Hom. 49; taka vöxt ok þroska, to increase, Rb. 392; taka konungdóm, Eg. 646; taka ráð, 49; taka skírn, 770; taka trú, to take the faith, become a Christian, Nj. 273; taka hvíld, to take rest, 43, 115; taka á sik svefn, 252; taka ræðu, to begin a parley, Eg. 578; taka umræðu, id., Nj. 146; þau taka þá tal, Ld. 72, Fms. ii. 254; taka nærri sér, see nær l. 2; taka á sik göngu, Fbr. 101 new Ed.; taka á sik svefn, Nj.; taka eld, to light a fire, 199; taka e-n orðum, to address; taka í sætt, to receive into reconciliation, Eg. 168; taka sættir, to accept terms, id. (also taka sættum, id.); taka þenna kost, 280; taka samheldi, Fms. ix. 344; ok tóku þat fastliga, at friðr skyldi standa, declared firmly that, x. 40, v. l.; taka stefnu, to fix a meeting, xi. 400; tóku þeir stefnu í milli sín, 402; nú er svá tekið um allt landit, at …, fixed by law that …, Gþl. 275; þeir tóku fastmælum sín í milli, at …, Bret. 82; taki í lög, to take into fellowship, Fms. xi. 96; lög-taka, cp. lófa-tak, vápna-tak; Gunnarr bauð þér góð boð enn þú vildir engi af taka, thou wouldst accept none of them, Nj. 77; tók hann þann kost af, at leggja allt á konungs vald, Fms. iv. 224; ok þat tóku þeir af, ix. 367; Ólafr kvaðsk þat mundu af taka, Ld. 72; taka e-t til ráðs, or taka ráðs, bragðs, to resort to, Nj. 75, 124, 199: also, taka e-t til, to resort to, 26, Fms. xi, 253, passim (til-tæki); taka mót, to receive, Edda 15; taka e-t við, to receive in return, Fms. ii. 269; taka bætr fyrir e-t, xi. 253; með því þú görir sem ek býð þér, skaltú nökkuð eptir taka, take some reward for it, Ld. 44; þat er bæði at vér róum hart, enda mun nú mikit eptir taka, a great reward, Finnb. 232 (eptir-tekja); taka fæðu, to take food; taka corpus Domini, Mar.; taka samsæti, Fms. ii. 261; taka arf, Eg. 34; taka erfð, Gþl. 241; taka fé eptir föður sinn, Fms. xi. 47; taka laun, Nj. 68; taka veizlu, to take, receive a veizla (q. v.), Fms. xi. 239; konungr … hann tekr ( receives) af mörgum, skal hann því mikit gefa, 217; taka mikit lof, x. 367; taka helgun af Guði, Rb. 392; taka heilsu, to recover, Stj. 624; ek skal taka hæði-yrði af þér, Nj. 27; taka af honum rán ok manntjón, Ld. 64; taka úskil af íllum mönnum, Greg. 44; taka píslir ok dauða, 656 B. 30; drap hann þar menn nökkura, þótti mönnum hart at taka þat af útlendum manni, Bs. i. 19; þeir tóku mikinn andróða, Fms. viii. 438; taka andviðri, Eg. 87; þeir tóku norðan-veðr hörð, were overtaken by, Nj. 124; taka sótt, to be taken sick or ill (North E. to take ill), 29, Fms. xi. 97, Eg. 767; taka þyngd. id., Ísl. ii. 274; taka fótar-mein, Nj. 219; taka úgleði, to get out of spirits, Eg. 322; hann tók þá fáleika ok úgleði, Fms. vii. 103; hann tók langt kaf, 202; taka arftaki, to adopt, Grág. i. 232; taka konung, to take, elect a king, Fms. ix. 256; taka konu, to take a wife, x. 397; hann kvángaðisk ok tók bróður-dóttur þess manns er Finnr hét, 406; tók Magnús konungr Margrétu, 413; taka konu brott nauðga, to carry off a woman, Grág. i. 353; tók hann þá til háseta, he hired them, Eg. 404; taka far or fari, Landn. 307, Grág. ii. 406 (far, ii. 3); taka úkunna stigu, to take to unknown ways, Fms. viii. 30; taka ferð, to start, Stj.; taka til konungs, or the like, Eg. 367, 400, Fms. vii. 252; taka til siðar, Sks. 313; taka e-n vel, to receive well; ok taki ér, herra, vel þá Hjalta ok Gizur, Bs. i. 19; tók Skota-konungr hann vel, Fms. xi. 419; taka e-t þvert, to take a thing crossly, deny flatly, Nj. 26; taka fyrir e-t, to stop, interrupt, refuse, Fms. x. 251.III. to reach, stretch forth, touch; hann beit skarð, allt þat er tennr tóku, Eg. 605; eigi djúpara enn þeim tók undir hendr, Ld. 78; skurðrinn tók á framan-verðan bakkann, Krók.; hyrnan tók andlitið, Nj. 253; rödd tekr eyru, Skálda 175; döggskórinn tók niðr akrinn upp-standanda, Fas. i. 173; hafði flóð tekit þær, swept them away, Fms. xi. 393; spjót langskept svá at vel taki skipa meðal, Sks. 385; nef hans tók austr til landsenda … véli-fjarðar tóku norðr í Finnabú, Fms. viii. 10; tekr mörkin náliga allt it efra suðr, Eg. 58; þvíat ekki tek ek heim í kveld, Nj. 275; mun ek taka þangat í dag? Hbl.; bóndans bót tekr fyrir ( encompasses) konu, hans ok börn ok hjón, N. G. L. i. 341; taka niðri, to take the ground, of a ship or thing floating, Fas. iii. 257; svá at upp tekr um klaufir, Boll. 336; at eigi tæki hann (acc.) regnit, Stj. 594; skulu vér varask, at eigi taki oss þau dæmi, Hom. 70; svá mikit er uxa-húð tekr yfir, Fas. i. 288; nær því er þú sér at taka mun en ekki ór hófi, Sks. 21; hundr bundinn svá at taki eigi til manna, Grág. ii. 119; taka höndum upp, to lift up hands, Bs. i. 735, Edda 22; ek sé fram undir brekkuna, at upp taka spjóts-oddar fimtán, Finnb. 286; þetta smíði (Babel) tók upp ór veðrum, Edda 146 (pref.); hárit tók ofan á belti, Nj. 2; stöpul er til himins tæki, 645. 71; hér til tekr en fyrsta bók, reaches here, 655 vii. 4; taka mátti hendi til fals, Eg. 285; þeir tóku fram árum, took the oars, Fms. vii. 288; smeygði á sik ok tók út höndunum, 202; þeir tóku undun, to escape, viii. 438: to reach, land, take harbour, gaf honum vel byri ok tóku Borgarfjörð, Nj. 10; tóku þeir Friðar-ey, 268; þeir tóku land á Melrakka-sléttu, Ísl. ii. 246; byrjaði vel ok tóku Noreg, Ld. 72, 310; tóku þar land sem heitir Vatnsfjörðr, Landn. 30: ellipt., hann tók þar sem nú heitir Herjólfs-höfn, id.; þeir tóku fyrir sunnan land, 175.2. to take, hold, of a vessel; ketill or tók tvær tunnur, Fb. i. 524; lands þess er tæki ( of the value of) fjóra tigi hundraða, Sturl. i. 98, v. l.; hringrinn tók tólf hundruð mórend, Nj. 225: so in the phrase, það tekr því ekki, it is not worth the while; þann enn eina grip er hann átti svá at fé tæki, the sole object of value he had, Bs. i. 636.3. spec. usages; fara sem fætr mega af taka, Finnb. 288; konur æpa sem þær megu mest af taka, Al. 47, (aftak, aftaka-veðr, q. v.), Karl. 109, 196; fóru hvárir-tveggju sem af tók, went as fast as possible, Fms, iv. 304; hann sigldi suðr sem af tók, Eg. 93: in the phrase, taka mikinn, lítinn … af e-u, to make much, little of, take it to heart or lightly; mikit tekr þú af þessu, thou takest it much to heart, Lv. 10; öngan tek ek af um liðveizlu við þik, I will not pledge myself as to helping thee, Ld. 105; eigi töku vér mikit af at tortryggva þá bók, þótt mart sé undarligt í sagt, we will not strongly question the truth of the book, although many wonders are told therein, Sks. 78; Óspakr kvað hana mikit af taka, said he used very strong language, Ld. 216; mikinn tekr þú af, segir konungr, thou settest much by it, said the king, Fms. vi. 206: munda ek sýnu minna hafa af tekit ef ek væra údrukkinn, I would have kept a better tongue, xi. 112; Þórvarðr tók eigi af fyrir útanferð sína, did not quite refuse the going abroad, Sturl. iii. 244; hann kvaðsk eigi taka mega af því hvat mælt væri, he did not much mind what folks said, Nj. 210; hón tók lítið af öllu, said little about it, took it coolly, Eg. 322; tók hann minna af enn áðr við Íslendinga, he spoke not so strongly of them as he used to do, Glúm. 328; ok er sendi-menn kómu tók hann lítið af, Fms. x. 101; Flosi svaraði öllu vel, en tók þó lítið af, F. gave a civil but reserved answer, Nj. 180.IV. with prepp.; taka af hesti, to take (the saddle) off a horse, Nj. 4, 179; taka af sér ópit, to cease weeping, Ölk. 35; taka skriðinn af skipinu, Fms. ii. 305; taka e-t af, to abolish, vii. 1, x. 152, Ísl. ii. 258:—taka á e-u, to touch (á-tak), Nj. 118; þegar sem nær þeim er komit ok á þeim tekit, Stj. 76; sá er tekr fyrst á funa, Gm.; þat er ok, áðr þeir taki á dómum sinum ( ere they deliver sentence), at þeir skolu eið vinna áðr, Grág. i. 64; taka vel, auðvelliga, lítt, ekki vel, ílla … á e-u, to take a thing so and so, take it well, in good part, ill, in ill part, etc., Ld. 50, 248, Fms. xi. 124, Nj. 206, 265; Gunnarr talaði fátt um ok tók á öngu úlíkliga, 40; tak glaðan á ( cheerfully) við konunginn, Fms. xi. 112; þeir höfðu sagt hversu hann hafði á tekit þeim feðgum, Rd. 284; Leifr tekr á þessu eigi mjök, Fb. ii. 397; tók Börkr (á) því seinliga, Eb. 15 new Ed.:—taka eptir, to notice, observe, Sturl. i. 2 (eptir-tekt):—taka móti, to withstand, resist, Nj. 261, Fms. ix. 307, 513 (mót-tak):—taka með, to reserve, accept, iv. 340, xi. 427 (með-taka): taka við, hann tókþar ok við mörg önnur dæmi, bæði konunga æfi, he tacked to it many records, the lives of kings, etc., Ó. H. (pref.): this isolated phrase has led editors (but wrongly) to substitute hann ‘jók’ þar við:—taka aptr, to take back, render void, undo, Bs. i. 631, Nj. 191, Sks. 775; eigi má aptr taka unnit verk, a saying, Fms. ii. 11: to recall, unsay, mun ek þau orð eigi aptr taka, Ld. 42, Fms. ii. 253:—taka í, to pull off; taktu í hann, to pull his stocking off:—taka um, to take hold of, grasp, Eg. 410, Hkr. ii. 322:—taka upp, to pick up, assume; niðr at fella ok upp at taka, 625. 68, Eg. 23; taka upp borð, to put up the tables before a meal; tekr upp borð ok setr fyrir þá Butralda, Fbr. 37; vóru borð upp tekin um alla stofuna ok sett á vist, Eg. 551: but also to remove them after a meal (= taka borð ofan), 408, Hkr. ii. 192, Fms. i. 41, Orkn. 246 (see borð II); taka upp vist, to put food on the table, Vm. 168; taka upp bygð sína, to remove one’s abode, passim; taka upp, of a body, to take up, disinter, Hkr. ii. 388; taka upp, to seize on, confiscate, Nj. 73, 207, Ld. 38, Eg. 73; þeir tóku upp ( laid waste) þorp þat er heitir Tuma-þorp, Fms. i. 151; var þá tekin upp bygð Hrolleifs, Fs. 34; hón tekr þat mart upp er fjarri er mínum vilja, Nj. 6l; at þú gefir ró reiði ok takir þat upp er minnst vandræði standi af, 175; taka upp verknað, to take up work, Ld. 34; taka upp stærð, to take to pride, Fms. x. 108; halda upp-teknu efni, i. 263; taka upp sök, mál, to take up a case, Nj. 31, 71, 231: to interpret, eigi kann ek öðruvís at ráða þenna draum … glíkliga er upp tekit, Sturl. iii. 216; ok skal svá upp taka ‘síks glóð,’ þat er ‘gull,’ Edda 127; kvæði, ef þau eru rétt kveðin ok skynsamliga upp tekin, Hkr. (pref.); tók hann svá upp, at honum væri eigi úhætt, Fms. ix. 424; drykk ok vistir svá sem skipit tók upp, as the ship could take, iv. 92; er þat skip mikit, ok mun þat taka oss upp alla, Nj. 259; þat hjóna er meira lagði til félags skal meira upp taka, Gþl. 220; þótti þeim í hönd falla at taka upp land þetta hjá sér sjálfum, Ld. 210; skal sá sem at Kálfafelli býr taka upp vatn at sínum hlut, Vm. 168; taka upp giptu hjá Dana-konungi, Fms. xi. 426; taka upp goðorð, Nj. 151, 168, Grág. i. 24; taka upp þing. Ann. 1304 ( to restore); tókusk þá upp lög ok landsréttr, Fs. 27; taka upp vanda, Fms. vii. 280:—taka til, to take to; hefna svá at ekki fýsi annan slík firn til at taka, 655 xiii. A. 3; tóku margir þá til at níða hann, Bs. i; taka til ráða, ráðs, bragðs, Nj. 19, 75, 124; hann tók til ráða skjótt, 19; enn þó munu vér þat bragðs taka, 199; hvat skal nú til ráða taka, 124; ef hann tekr nökkut íllt til, 26; hverja úhæfu er hann tekr til, Fms. xi. 253; taka til máls, to take to talking, Nj. 16, 71; taka til orðs, or orða, 122, 230, 264; hann tók nú til at segja söguna, to take to telling a story; taka til varnar, to begin the defence, Grág. i. 60, Nj. 271; nú er þar til at taka, at …, 74; er blót tóku til, Landn. 111; þá tók til ríki Svía-konungs, Fms. iv. 118; um Slésvík þar sem Dana-ríki tók til, xi. 417: to concern, þat mun taka til yðar, Hom. 150; þetta mál er til konungs tók, Fms. xi. 105; láta til sín taka, to let it concern oneself, meddle with, Band. 23 new Ed.; Gísl lét fátt til sín taka, Fms. vii. 30; vil ek nú biðja þik at þú létir ekki til þín taka um tal várt, Nj. 184: to have recourse to, þú tekr eigi til þeirra liðsinnis ef ekki þarf, Fms. vii. 17, Grág. i. 41; taka til segls, Eg. 573, Fms. ix. 22; taka til sunds, 24; taka til e-s, to note, mark, with dislike:—taka undir, to take under a thing; hann tók undir kverkina, took her by the chin, Nj. 2; þá tók Egill undir höfða-hlut Skalla-grími, Eg. 398: to undertake, þat mál er þeir skyldi sjálfir undir taka, Hkr. i. 266; þá skal hann taka undir þá sömu þjónostu, Ó. H. 120: to back, second, hann kvaðsk ekki mundu taka undir vandræði þeirra, Nj. 182; undir þann kviðling tók Rúnolfr goði, ok sótti Hjalta um goðgá, Bs. i. 17: ek mun taka undir með þér ok styðja málit, Fms. xi. 53; hann tók ekki undir þat ráð, Fb. ii. 511; þau tóku undir þetta léttliga, seconded it readily, Ld. 150; hann tók seinliga undir, Nj. 217; hann hafði heyrt tal þeirra ok tók undir þegar, ok kvað ekki saka, Ld. 192: göra tilraun hversu þér tækit undir þetta, Fb. i. 129: to echo, blésu herblástr svá at fjöllin tóku undir, Fas. i. 505; taka undir söng, to accompany singing:—taka við, to receive; nú tóktú svá við sverði þessu, Fms. i. 15; siðan hljópu menn hans, enn hann túk við þeim, 105; jörð tekr við öldri, Hm.; til þess er akkerit tók við, grappled, took hold, Dan. holde igen, Fms. x. 135. v. l.; þar til er sjár tók við honum, Edda 153 (pref.); taka við ríki, Eg. 241, Fms. i. 7; taka við trú, Nj. 158, 159; taka við handsölum á e-u, 257; ef maðr görr við at taka við dæmdum úmaga, Grág. i. 258; taka vel við e-m, to receive well, Nj. 5; ekki torleiði tekr við yðr, no obstacle stops you, Al. 120; þeir tóku við vel ok vörðusk, made a bold resistance, Fms. i. 104; eggjuðu sumir at við skyldi taka, vii. 283; at þeir skyldi verja landit, en þeir vildu eigi við taka, xi. 386; ganga fram á mel nökkurn, ok segir Hrútr at þeir mundu þar við taka, Ld. 62; þar stóð steinn einn mikill, þar bað Kjartan þá við taka, 220; seg þú æfi-sögu þína, Ásmundr, en þá skal Egill við taka, tell thy life’s tale, Asmund, and then shall Egil take his turn, Fas. iii. 374; tók við hvárr af öðrum, one took up where the other left off:—taka yfir, hann vildi eigi til ráða nema hann ætlaði at yfir tæki, Fms. iv. 174; þeir munu allt til vinna, at yfir taki með oss, Nj. 198; at eyrendi þeirra skyldi eigi lyktuð né yfir tekin, Fms. iv. 224.V. to take to, begin:1. with infin., tóku menn at binda sár sín, Eg. 93; hann tók at yrkja þegar er hann var ungr, 685; hans afli tók at vaxa, Fms. viii. 47; á þeim veg er ek tæka ganga, Sks. 3; taka at birtask, 568; tekr at dimma, birta … rigna, it gets dim, takes to darken … rain; allt þat er hann tekr at henda, Nj. 5; þá tók at lægja veðrit, 124; tók þá at morna, 131; tók þá at nátta, Fms. ix. 54; kvölda tekr = Lat. vesperascit, Luke xxiv. 29.2. in other phrases, taka á rás, to take to running, to run, Nj. 253, Eg. 216, 220, Eb. 62 (hófu á rás, 67 new Ed.), Hrafn. 7: ellipt., tók bogmaðr ok hans menn á land upp undan, they took to the inland and escaped, Fms. ix. 275; tók hann þegar upp um brú, viii. 169; svá íllt sem nú er frá at taka (to escape, shun), þá mun þó síðarr verr, Fs. 55; taka flótta, to take to flight, Hm. 30; Eirekr tók út ór stofunni, took out of the room, ran out, Sturl. ii. 64; þeir tóku út eitt veðr allir, stood out to sea with the same wind, Fb. ii. 243.VI. with dat., to take to, receive (perh. ellipt. for taka við- e-u); jarl tók vel sendi-mönnum ok vináttu-málum konungs, Fms. i. 53; konungr tók honum vel ok blíðliga, vii. 197; tekit mundu vér hafa kveðju þinni þóttú hefðir oss fyrri fagnat, Ld. 34; Grímr tók því seinliga, Eg. 764; Sigurðr tók því máli vel, 38, Fms. x. 2; konungr tók þá vel orðum Þórólfs, Eg. 44; hann tók því þakksamliga, Fms. i. 21; taka vel þeirra eyrendum, x. 33; Barði tók þessu vel, Ld. 236; Hákon tók því seinliga, Fms. i. 74; eigi mun konungr taka því þótt slík lygi sé upp borin fyrir hann, Eg. 59; tók Brynjólfr þá sættum fyrir Björn, 168; Njáll átti hlut at, at þeir skyldi taka sættum, Nj. 120; taka handsölum á fé, 257; taka heimildum á e-u, Fms. x. 45; taka fari, Grág. ii. 399, Nj. 111, 258 (see far); taka bóli, to take a farm (on lease), Gþl. 328, 354; mun ek máli taka fyrir alla Íslenzka menn þá er á skipi eru, speak for them, Bs. i. 421.VII. impers. it is taken; hann brá upp hendinni ok tók hana af honum ok höfuðit af konunginum, Nj. 275; ok tók af nasarnar, Fms. x. 135, v. l.; þá tók af veðrit (acc.), the weather ‘took up’ (as is said in North of England), the storm abated. Fas. i. 157; svá at þar tæki af vega alla, all roads were stopped, Fms, iii. 122; af þeim tók málit ok görask úfærir, Fas. ii. 549; kom á höndina fyrir ofan úlflið svá at af tók, Nj. 84; kom á fótinn svá at af tók, 123; þá tók efa af mörgum manni, Fms. iii. 8; sýnina tekr frá e-m, to become blind, x. 339; undan kúnni tók nyt alla, Eb. 316; jafnskjótt tók ór verkinn allan, Fms. iv. 369; tók út skip Þangbrands ór Hitará, she drifted out, Bs. i. 15; í þat mund dags er út tók eykðina, when the time of ‘eykð’ was nearly passed, Fms. xi. 136; um várit er sumar-hita tók, when the summer heat set in, Fs. 67; réru svá skjótt at ekki tók (viz. þá) á vatni, Fms. vii. 344.2. as a naut. term, to clear, weather a point; veðr var litið ok tók þeim skamt frá landi, the weather was still, and they kept close in shore, Fms. vi. 190: hence the mod. naut. phrase, e-m tekr, to clear, weather; mér tók fyrir nesit, I cleared, weathered the ness; vindr þver, svo að þeim tekr ekki.3. þar er eigi of tekr torf eðr grjót, where neither is at hand, Grág. ii. 262; þau dæmi tekr til þessa máls, the proofs of this are, that when …, Hom. 127.B. Reflex., takask mikit á hendr, to take much in hand, Band. 3, Nj. 228, Fms. i. 159; tókumk ek þat á hendr, xi. 104; láta af takask, to let oneself be deprived of, Eg. 296; takask e-n á hendr.2. to be brought about, take effect, succeed; cp. þykkir mikit í hættu hversu þér teksk, Ld. 310; þat tóksk honum, he succeeded, Bárð. 167; tekst þá tveir vilja, it succeeds when two will, i. e. joint efforts prevail, a saying:—takask til, to happen; Ásgrími tóksk svá til (it so happened to A.), sem sjaldan var vant, at vörn var í máii hans, Nj. 92; ef svá vill til takask. Fas. i. 251; svá erviðliga sem þeim hafði til tekizk at herja á þá feðga, Fms. i. 184; mér hefir úgiptuliga tekizk, Ld. 252; þætti mér allmiklu máli skipta at þér tækisk stórmannliga, that thou wouldst behave generously, Hkr. ii. 32; hefir þetta svá tekizk sem ván var at, er hann var barn at aldri, 268.3. to take place, begin; tóksk orrosta, Nj. 8; teksk þar orrosta, 122; ráð takask, of a marriage; en ef þá takask eigi ráðin, if the wedding takes not place then, Grág. i. 311; lýkr svá at ráðin skyldi takask, 99; ráð þau skyldi takask at öðru sumri, Eg. 26, Fms. x. 40: to be realised, hvatamaðr at þessi ferð skyldi takask, Ld. 240; síðan er mægð hafdi tekizk með þeim, since they had intermarried, Eg. 37; takask með þeim góðar ástir, they came to love one another much, of newly-married people, passim; féráns dómr teksk, Grág. i. 95; takask nú af heimboðin, to cease, Ld. 208; ok er allt mál at ættvíg þessi takisk af, 258.II. recipr., takask orðum, to speak to one another, Fms. xi. 13; ok er þeir tókusk at orðum, spurði hann …, Eg. 375; bræðr-synir takask arf eptir, entreat one another, Gþl. 241; ef menn takask fyrir árar eða þiljur, take from one another, 424: takask á, to wrestle, Bárð. 168; takask fangbrögðum, Ld. 252, Ísl. ii. 446: takask í hendr, to shake hands, Grág. i. 384, Nj. 3, 65.III. part. tekinn; vóru þá tekin ( stopped) öll borgar-hlið ok vegar allir, at Norðmönnum kæmi engi njósn, Fms. vi. 411: Steinþórr var til þess tekinn, at …, S. was particularly named as …, Eb. 32, 150; hann var til þess tekinn, at honum var verra til hjóna en öðrum mönnum, Grett. 70 new Ed. (cp. mod. usage, taka til e-s, to wonder at): lá hann ok var mjök tekinn, very ill, Sturl. i. 89: Álfhildr var þungliga tekin, ok gékk henni nær dauða, Fms. iv. 274; hann var mjök tekinn ok þyngdr af líkþrá, ii. 229; þú ert Ílla at tekin fyrir vanheilsu sakir, vii. 244; ú-tekin jörð, an untaken, unclaimed estate, Sturl. iii. 57, Gþl. 313.2. at af teknum þeim, except, Fms. x. 232; at af teknum úvinum sínum, 266, (Latinism.) -
12 adversa
ad-verto (archaic advor-), ti, sum, 3, v. a., to turn a thing to or toward a place (in this signif., without animus; mostly poet.; syn.: observare, animadvertere, videre, cognoscere).I.Lit.A.In gen., with in or dat.:B.illa sese huc advorterat in hanc nostram plateam,
Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 51:in quamcunque domus lumina partem,
Ov. M. 6, 180; cf. id. ib. 8, 482:malis numen,
Verg. A. 4, 611:huc aures, huc, quaeso, advertite sensus,
Sil. 16, 213; cf. id. 6, 105.—Esp., a naut. t. t., to turn, direct, steer a ship to a place:II.classem in portum,
Liv. 37, 9 Drak.:terrae proras,
Verg. A. 7, 35; id. G. 4, 117 al.:Colchos puppim,
Ov. H. 12, 23.— Absol.:profugi advertere coloni,
landed, Sil. 1, 288;hence also transf. to other things: aequore cursum,
Verg. A. 7, 196:pedem ripae,
id. ib. 6, 386:urbi agmen,
id. ib. 12, 555: adverti with acc. poet. for verti ad:Scythicas advertitur oras,
Ov. M. 5, 649 (cf. adducor litora remis, id. ib. 3, 598, and Rudd. II. p. 327).Fig.A.Animum (in the poets and Livy also animos, rarely mentem) advertere; absol., or with adv. or ad aliquid, or alicui rei, to direct the mind, thoughts, or attention to a thing, to advert to, give attention to, attend to, to heed, observe, remark:B.si voles advortere animum, Enn. ap. Var. L. L. 7, § 89 Müll. (Trag. v. 386 Vahl.): facete advortis animum tuum ad animum meum,
Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 39:nunc huc animum advortite ambo,
id. ib. 3, 1, 169:advertunt animos ad religionem,
Lucr. 3, 54:monitis animos advertite nostris,
Ov. M. 15, 140:animum etiam levissimis rebus adverterent,
Tac. A. 13, 49.—With ne, when the object of attention is expressed:ut animum advertant, ne quos offendant,
Cic. Off. 2, 19, 68:adverterent animos, ne quid novi tumultūs oriretur,
Liv. 4, 45.—Animum advertere, to observe a thing by directing the mind to it, to observe, to notice, to remark, to perceive (in the class. period contracted to animadvertere, q. v.).—Constr. with two accusatives, animum advertere aliquid (where aliquid may be regarded as depending on the prep. in comp., Roby, § 1118, or on animum advertere, considered as one idea, to observe), with acc. and inf., or rel. clause (the first mode of construction, most frequent with the pronouns id, hoc, illud, etc., is for the most part ante-class., and appears in Caes., Cic., and Sall. as an archaism):C.et hoc animum advorte,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 43:hanc edictionem,
id. ib. 1, 2, 10:haec animum te advertere par est,
Lucr. 2, 125:animum adverti columellam e dumis eminentem,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 65; id. Inv. 2, 51, 153:Postquam id animum advertit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 24; 4, 12:quidam Ligus animum advortit inter saxa repentīs cocleas,
Sall. J. 93, 2. In Vitruv. once with hinc:ut etiam possumus hinc animum advertere,
as we can hence perceive, Vitr. 10, 22, 262.—With the acc. and inf.:postquam tantopere id vos velle animum advorteram,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 16:animum advertit magnas esse copiashostium instructas,
Caes. B. G. 5, 18: cum animum adverteret locum relictum esse, Auct. B. Alex. 31; ib. 46.—With the rel. clause: nunc quam rem vitio dent, quaeso, animum advortite, Ter. And. prol. 8: quid ille sperare possit, animum adverte, Dolab. ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 9:quam multarum rerum ipse ignarus esset... animum advertit,
Liv. 24, 48. Sometimes advertere alone = animum advertere; so once in Cicero's letters: nam advertebatur Pompeii familiares assentiri Volcatio, Fam. 1, 1 (although here, as well as almost everywhere, the readings fluctuate between advertere and animadvertere; cf. Orell. ad h. l.; animadvertebatur, B. and K.). So Verg. in the imp.:qua ratione quod instat, Confieri possit, paucis, adverte, docebo,
attend! Verg. A. 4, 115.—In the histt., esp. Tac. and Pliny, more frequently:donec advertit Tiberius,
Tac. A. 4, 54:Zenobiam advertere pastores,
id. ib. 12, 51:advertere quosdam cultu externo in sedibus senatorum,
id. ib. 13, 54:quotiens novum aliquid adverterat,
id. ib. 15, 30 al.:hirudo quam sanguisugam appellari adverto,
Plin. 8, 10, 10, § 29:ut multos adverto credidisse,
id. 2, 67, 67, § 168. Still more rarely, advertere animo:animis advertite vestris,
Verg. A. 2, 712:hanc scientiam ad nostros pervenisse animo adverto,
Plin. 25, 2, 3, § 5; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 4, 27, 8.—To draw or turn something, esp. the attention of another, to or upon one's self (in the histt.):D.gemitus ac planctus militum aures oraque advertere,
Tac. A. 1, 41:octo aquilae imperatorem advertere,
id. ib. 2, 17: recentia veteraque odia advertit, drew them on himself, id. ib. 4, 21 al.—To call the attention of one to a definite act, i. e. to admonish of it, to urge to it (cf. II. A.):E.non docet admonitio, sed advertit,
i. e. directs attention, Sen. Ep. 94:advertit ea res Vespasiani animum, ut, etc.,
Tac. H. 3, 48.—Advertere in aliquem, for the more usual animadvertere in aliquem, to attend to one, i. e. to punish one (only in Tac.):1.in P. Marcium consules more prisco advertere,
Tac. A. 2, 32:ut in reliquos Sejani liberos adverteretur,
id. ib. 5, 9 (cf. id. Germ. 7, 3: animadvertere).—Hence,adversus (archaic advor-), a, um, P. a., turned to or toward a thing, with the face or front toward, standing over against, opposite, before, in front of (opp. aversus).A.In gen.:B.solem adversum intueri,
Cic. Somn. Scip. 5:Iris... Mille trahens varios adverso sole colores,
Verg. A. 4, 701; id. G. 1, 218:antipodes adversis vestigiis stant contra nostra vestigia,
Cic. Ac. 2, 39: dentes adversi acuti ( the sharp front teeth) morsu dividunt escas, Cic. N. D. 2, 54:quod is collis, tantum adversus in latitudinem patebat, quantum etc.,
Caes. B. G. 2, 8 Herz. So, hostes adversi, who make front against one advancing or retreating, id. ib. 2, 24:L. Cotta legatus in adversum os fundā vulneratur,
in front, Caes. B. G. 5, 35; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 1; Liv. 21, 7 fin. al.; hence, vulnus adversum, a wound in front (on the contr., vulnus aversum, a wound in the back), Cic. Har. Resp. 19:adversis vulneribus,
Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 35, 4:judicibus cicatrices adversas ostendere,
Cic. de Or. 2, 28:cicatrices populus Romanus aspiceret adverso corpore exceptas,
id. Verr. 5, 3:impetus hostium adversos, Auct. B. Alex. 8: Romani advorso colle evadunt,
ascend the hill in front, Sall. J. 52:adversa signa,
Liv. 30, 8:legiones quas Visellius et C. Silius adversis itineribus objecerant,
i. e. marches in which they went to meet the enemy, Tac. A. 3, 42: sed adverso fulgure ( by a flash of lightning falling directly before him) pavefactus est Nero, Suet. Ner. 48:armenta egit Hannibal in adversos montes,
Quint. 2, 17, 19; cf. Lucr. 3, 1013; so Hor. S. 1, 1, 103; 2, 3, 205:qui timet his adversa,
the opposite of this, id. Ep. 1, 6, 9 al. —Hence, of rivers: flumine adverso, up the stream, against the stream:in adversum flumen contendere,
Lucr. 4, 423:adverso feruntur flumine,
id. 6, 720; so Verg. G. 1, 201:adverso amne,
Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 33;adverso Tiberi subvehi,
Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 22, 3 (opp. to secundā aquā, down stream, with the stream:rate in secundam aquam labente,
Liv. 21, 47, 3); and of winds, opposed to a vessel's course, head winds, contrary winds, consequently unfavorable, adverse:navigationes adversis ventis praecluduntur, Auct. B. Alex. 8: adversissimi navigantibus venti,
Caes. B. C. 3, 107.— Subst.: adversum, i, the opposite: hic ventus a septentrionibus oriens adversum tenet Athenis proficiscentibus, [p. 50] holds the opposite to those sailing from Athens, i. e. blows against them, Nep. Milt. 1 (so Nipperdey; but v. Hand, Turs. I. p. 183). — Adv.: ex adverso, also written exadverso and exadversum, opposite to, over against, ek tou enantiou:portus ex adverso urbi positus,
Liv. 45, 10.—With gen.:Patrae ex adverso Aetoliae et fluminis Eveni,
Plin. 4, 4, 5, § 11.—Without case:cum ex adverso starent classes,
Just. 2, 14; so Suet. Caes. 39; Tib. 33.—In adversum, to the opposite side, against:et duo in adversum immissi per moenia currus,
against each other, Prop. 3, 9, 23; so Gell. 2, 30; cf. Verg. A. 8, 237;in adversum Romani subiere,
Liv. 1, 12; 7, 23.—In hostile opposition to, adverse to, unfavorable, unpropitious (opp. secundus; frequent and class.): conqueri fortunam adversam, Pac. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 21, 50:hic dies pervorsus atque advorsus mihi obtigit,
Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 1:advorsus nemini,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 37:mentes improborum mihi infensae et adversae,
Cic. Sull. 10:acclamatio,
id. de Or. 2, 83: adversā avi aliquid facere, vet. poët. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 16:adversis auspiciis,
Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 64, 6:adversum omen,
Suet. Vit. 8:adversissima auspicia,
id. Oth. 8: adversae res, misfortune, calamity, adverse fortune:ut adversas res, sic secundas immoderate ferre levitatis est,
Cic. Off. 1, 26; cf.:adversi casus,
Nep. Dat. 5:adversae rerum undae,
a sea of troubles, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 22: omnia secundissima nobis, adversissima illis accidisse, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 9 (the sup. is found also in Cæs. B. C. 3, 107):quae magistratus ille dicet, secundis auribus, quae ab nostrum quo dicentur, adversis accipietis?
Liv. 6, 40:adversus annus frugibus,
id. 4, 12:valetudo adversa,
i. e. sickness, id. 10, 32:adversum proelium,
an unsuccessful engagement, id. 7, 29; cf.8, 31: adverso rumore esse,
to be in bad repute, to have a bad reputation, Tac. Ann. 14, 11:adversa subsellia,
on which the opposition sit, Quint. 6, 1, 39.—Sometimes met. of feeling, contrary to, hated, hateful, odious:quīs omnia regna advorsa sint,
Sall. J. 83; cf. Luc. 2, 229 Bentl.— Comp.:neque est aliud adversius,
Plin. 32, 4, 14, § 35.—* Adv.: adver-sē, self-contradictorily, Gell. 3, 16.— ad-versum, i, subst., esp. in the plur. adversa, misfortune, calamity, disaster, adversity, evil, mischief:C.advorsa ejus per te tecta sient,
Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 28:nihil adversi,
Cic. Brut. 1, 4:si quid adversi accidisset,
Nep. Alc. 8; cf. Liv. 22, 40; 35, 13:secunda felices, adversa magnos probant,
Plin. Pan. 31;esp. freq. in Tac.: prospera et adversa pop. Rom., Ann. 1, 1: adversa tempestatum et fluctuum,
id. Agr. 25; so id. A. 3, 24; 45; 2, 69; 4, 13 al.— Subst.: adversus, i, m., an opponent, adversary (rare):multosque mortalīs ea causa advorsos habeo,
Sall. C. 52, 7.—In Quint. also once ad-versa, ae, f., subst., a female opponent or adversary: natura noverca fuerit, si facultatem dicendi sociam scelerum, adversam innocentiae, invenit, 12, 1, 2.—In rhet., opposed to another of the same genus, e. g. sapientia and stultitia: “Haec quae ex eodem genere contraria sunt, appellantur adversa,” Cic. Top. 11.3.adversus or adversum (archaic advor-) (like rursus and rursum, prorsus and prorsum, quorsus and quorsum), adv. and prep., denoting direction to or toward an object (syn.: contra, in with acc., ad, erga).A.Adv.: opposite to, against, to, or toward a thing, in a friendly or hostile sense:B. 1.ibo advorsum,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 29:facito, ut venias advorsum mihi,
id. Men. 2, 3, 82:obsecro te, matri ne quid tuae advorsus fuas, Liv. And. ap. Non. s. v. fuam, 111, 12 (Trag. Rel. p. 3 Rib.): quis hic est, qui advorsus it mihi?
Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 22:adversus resistere,
Nep. Pelop. 1, 3:nemo adversus ibat,
Liv. 37, 13, 8 al. In Plaut. and Ter. advorsum ire, or venire, to go to meet; also of a slave, to go to meet his master and bring him from a place (hence adversitor, q. v.):solus nunc eo advorsum hero ex plurimis servis,
Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 23:ei advorsum venimus,
id. ib. 4, 2, 32; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 2 Ruhnk.—In a friendly sense.(α).Of place, turned to or toward, opposite to, before, facing, over against: qui cotidie unguentatus adversum speculum ornetur, before the mirror, Scipio ap. Gell. 7, 12:(β).adversus advocatos,
Liv. 45, 7, 5:medicus debet residere illustri loco adversus aegrum,
opposite to the patient, Cels. 3, 6:adversus Scyllam vergens in Italiam,
Plin. 3, 8, 14, § 87:Lerina, adversum Antipolim,
id. 3, 5, 11, § 79.—In the presence of any one, before:(γ).egone ut te advorsum mentiar, mater mea?
Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 9: idque gratum fuisse advorsum te habeo gratiam, I am thankful that this is acceptable before ( to) thee, Ter. And. 1, 1, 15: paululum adversus praesentem fortitudinem mollitus, somewhat softened at such firmness (of his wife), Tac. A. 15, 63.—Hence very often with verbs of speaking, answering, complaining, etc., to declare or express one's self to any one, to excuse one's self or apologize, and the like: te oportet hoc proloqui advorsum illam mihi, Enn. ap. Non. 232, 24 (Trag. v. 385 Vahl.):immo si audias, quae dicta dixit me advorsum tibi,
what he told me of you, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 47: de vita ac morte domini fabulavere advorsum fratrem illius, Afran. ap. Non. 232, 25:mulier, credo, advorsum illum res suas conqueritur,
Titin. ib. 232, 21:utendum est excusatione etiam adversus eos, quos invitus offendas,
Cic. Off. 2, 19, 68; Tac. A. 3, 71.— With that to which a reply is made, to (= ad):adversus ea consul... respondit,
Liv. 4, 10, 12; 22, 40, 1; cf. Drak. ad 3, 57, 1.—In comparison, as if one thing were held toward, set against, or before another (v. ad, I. D. 4.); against, in comparison with, compared to:(δ).repente lectus adversus veterem imperatorem comparabitur,
will be compared with, Liv. 24, 8, 8:quid autem esse duo prospera bella Samnitium adversus tot decora populi Rom.,
id. 7, 32, 8.—Of demeanor toward one, to, toward:(ε).quonam modo me gererem adversus Caesarem,
Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 11:te adversus me omnia audere gratum est,
i. e. on my account, on my behalf, for my advantage, id. ib. 9, 22, 15:lentae adversum imperia aures,
Tac. A. 1, 65.—Esp. often of friendly feeling, love, esteem, respect toward or for one (cf. Ruhnk. ad Ter. And. 4, 1, 15; Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 9, 22; Heusing. ad Cic. Off. 1, 11, 1;Hab. Syn. 49): est enim pietas justitia adversus deos,
Cic. N. D. 1, 41, 116; id. Off. 3, 6, 28:adhibenda est igitur quaedam reverentia adversus homines,
id. ib. 1, 28, 99 Beier:sunt quaedam officia adversus eos servanda, a quibus injuriam acceperis,
id. ib. 1, 11, 33:adversus merita ingratissimus,
Vell. 2, 69, 5:summa adversus alios aequitas erat,
Liv. 3, 33, 8:ob egregiam fidem adversus Romanos,
id. 29, 8, 2; so id. 45, 8, 4 al.:beneficentiā adversus supplices utendum,
Tac. A. 11, 17.— More rarelyof the general relation of an object or act to a person or thing (v. ad, I. D. 1.), in relation, in respect, or in regard to a thing:2.epistula, ut adversus magistrum morum, modestior,
as addressed to a censor of manners, Cic. Fam. 3, 13, 8:quasi adversus eos acquieverit sententiae,
in regard to the same, Dig. 49, 1; 3, 1.—In a hostile sense, against (the most usual class. signif. of this word): “Contra et adversus ita differunt, quod contra, ad locum, ut: contra basilicam; adversus, ad animi motum, ut: adversus illum facio; interdum autem promiscue accipitur,” Charis. p. 207 P.; cf. Cort. ad Sall. J. 101, 8:► a.advorsum legem accepisti a plurimis pecuniam,
Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 48:advorsum te fabulare illud,
against thy interest, to thy disadvantage, id. Stich. 4, 2, 11:stultus est advorsus aetatem et capitis canitudinem, id. ap. Fest. s. v. canitudinem, p. 47: advorsum animi tui libidinem,
Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 19:adversum leges, adversum rem publicam,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 195:respondebat, SI PARET, ADVERSUM EDICTUM FECISSE,
id. ib. 2, 3, 28, §69: me adversus populum Romanum possem defendere,
id. Phil. 1, 13 al. —In the histt., of a hostile attack, approach, etc.:gladiis districtis impetum adversus montem in cohortes faciunt,
Caes. B. C. 1, 46:adversus se non esse missos exercitus,
Liv. 3, 66:bellum adversum Xerxem moret,
Aur. Vict. Caes. 24, 3:copiis quibus usi adversus Romanum bellum,
Liv. 8, 2, 5:adversus vim atque injuriam pugnantes,
id. 26, 25, 10 al.:T. Quintius adversus Gallos missus est,
Eutr. 2, 2: Athenienses adversus tantam tempestatem belli duos duces deligunt, Just. 3, 6, 12 al.—Among physicians, of preventives against sickness, against (v. ad, I. A. 2.):adversus profusionem in his auxilium est,
Cels. 5, 26; 6, 27 al.:frigidus jam artus et cluso corpore adversum vim veneni,
Tac. A. 15, 64.— Trop.:egregium adversus tempestates receptaculum,
Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 4; so id. ib. 2, 15, 36.—Hence: firmus, invictus, fortis adversus aliquid (like contra), protected against a thing, firm, fixed, secure:advorsum divitias animum invictum gerebat,
Sall. J. 43, 5:invictus adversum gratiam animus,
Tac. A. 15, 21:adversus convicia malosque rumores firmus ac patiens,
Suet. Tib. 28:Adversus omnes fortis feras canis,
Phaedr. 5, 10, 1; and in opp. sense: infirmus, inferior adversus aliquid, powerless against, unequal to:fama, infirmissimum adversus vivos fortes telum,
Curt. 4, 14:infirmus adversum pecuniam,
Aur. Vict. Caes. 9, 6:inferior adversus laborem,
id. Epit. 40, 20.Adversus is rarely put after the word which it governs:b.egone ut te advorsum mentiar,
Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 9:hunc adversus,
Nep. Con. 2, 2; id. Tim. 4, 3:quos advorsum ierat,
Sall. J. 101, 8.—It sometimes suffers tmesis:Labienum ad Oceanum versus proficisci jubet,
Caes. B. G. 6, 33:animadvortit fugam ad se vorsum fieri,
Sall. J. 58:animum advortere ad se vorsum exercitum pergere,
id. ib. 69: ad Cordubam versus iter facere coepit, Auct. B. Hisp. 10 and 11; cf. in-versus:in Galliam vorsus castra movere,
Sall. C. 56; Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12; Traj. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 78; the Eng. to-ward: to us ward, Psa. 40, 5; and the Gr. eis-de: eis halade, Hom. Od. 10, 351. -
13 adverto
ad-verto (archaic advor-), ti, sum, 3, v. a., to turn a thing to or toward a place (in this signif., without animus; mostly poet.; syn.: observare, animadvertere, videre, cognoscere).I.Lit.A.In gen., with in or dat.:B.illa sese huc advorterat in hanc nostram plateam,
Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 51:in quamcunque domus lumina partem,
Ov. M. 6, 180; cf. id. ib. 8, 482:malis numen,
Verg. A. 4, 611:huc aures, huc, quaeso, advertite sensus,
Sil. 16, 213; cf. id. 6, 105.—Esp., a naut. t. t., to turn, direct, steer a ship to a place:II.classem in portum,
Liv. 37, 9 Drak.:terrae proras,
Verg. A. 7, 35; id. G. 4, 117 al.:Colchos puppim,
Ov. H. 12, 23.— Absol.:profugi advertere coloni,
landed, Sil. 1, 288;hence also transf. to other things: aequore cursum,
Verg. A. 7, 196:pedem ripae,
id. ib. 6, 386:urbi agmen,
id. ib. 12, 555: adverti with acc. poet. for verti ad:Scythicas advertitur oras,
Ov. M. 5, 649 (cf. adducor litora remis, id. ib. 3, 598, and Rudd. II. p. 327).Fig.A.Animum (in the poets and Livy also animos, rarely mentem) advertere; absol., or with adv. or ad aliquid, or alicui rei, to direct the mind, thoughts, or attention to a thing, to advert to, give attention to, attend to, to heed, observe, remark:B.si voles advortere animum, Enn. ap. Var. L. L. 7, § 89 Müll. (Trag. v. 386 Vahl.): facete advortis animum tuum ad animum meum,
Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 39:nunc huc animum advortite ambo,
id. ib. 3, 1, 169:advertunt animos ad religionem,
Lucr. 3, 54:monitis animos advertite nostris,
Ov. M. 15, 140:animum etiam levissimis rebus adverterent,
Tac. A. 13, 49.—With ne, when the object of attention is expressed:ut animum advertant, ne quos offendant,
Cic. Off. 2, 19, 68:adverterent animos, ne quid novi tumultūs oriretur,
Liv. 4, 45.—Animum advertere, to observe a thing by directing the mind to it, to observe, to notice, to remark, to perceive (in the class. period contracted to animadvertere, q. v.).—Constr. with two accusatives, animum advertere aliquid (where aliquid may be regarded as depending on the prep. in comp., Roby, § 1118, or on animum advertere, considered as one idea, to observe), with acc. and inf., or rel. clause (the first mode of construction, most frequent with the pronouns id, hoc, illud, etc., is for the most part ante-class., and appears in Caes., Cic., and Sall. as an archaism):C.et hoc animum advorte,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 43:hanc edictionem,
id. ib. 1, 2, 10:haec animum te advertere par est,
Lucr. 2, 125:animum adverti columellam e dumis eminentem,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 65; id. Inv. 2, 51, 153:Postquam id animum advertit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 24; 4, 12:quidam Ligus animum advortit inter saxa repentīs cocleas,
Sall. J. 93, 2. In Vitruv. once with hinc:ut etiam possumus hinc animum advertere,
as we can hence perceive, Vitr. 10, 22, 262.—With the acc. and inf.:postquam tantopere id vos velle animum advorteram,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 16:animum advertit magnas esse copiashostium instructas,
Caes. B. G. 5, 18: cum animum adverteret locum relictum esse, Auct. B. Alex. 31; ib. 46.—With the rel. clause: nunc quam rem vitio dent, quaeso, animum advortite, Ter. And. prol. 8: quid ille sperare possit, animum adverte, Dolab. ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 9:quam multarum rerum ipse ignarus esset... animum advertit,
Liv. 24, 48. Sometimes advertere alone = animum advertere; so once in Cicero's letters: nam advertebatur Pompeii familiares assentiri Volcatio, Fam. 1, 1 (although here, as well as almost everywhere, the readings fluctuate between advertere and animadvertere; cf. Orell. ad h. l.; animadvertebatur, B. and K.). So Verg. in the imp.:qua ratione quod instat, Confieri possit, paucis, adverte, docebo,
attend! Verg. A. 4, 115.—In the histt., esp. Tac. and Pliny, more frequently:donec advertit Tiberius,
Tac. A. 4, 54:Zenobiam advertere pastores,
id. ib. 12, 51:advertere quosdam cultu externo in sedibus senatorum,
id. ib. 13, 54:quotiens novum aliquid adverterat,
id. ib. 15, 30 al.:hirudo quam sanguisugam appellari adverto,
Plin. 8, 10, 10, § 29:ut multos adverto credidisse,
id. 2, 67, 67, § 168. Still more rarely, advertere animo:animis advertite vestris,
Verg. A. 2, 712:hanc scientiam ad nostros pervenisse animo adverto,
Plin. 25, 2, 3, § 5; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 4, 27, 8.—To draw or turn something, esp. the attention of another, to or upon one's self (in the histt.):D.gemitus ac planctus militum aures oraque advertere,
Tac. A. 1, 41:octo aquilae imperatorem advertere,
id. ib. 2, 17: recentia veteraque odia advertit, drew them on himself, id. ib. 4, 21 al.—To call the attention of one to a definite act, i. e. to admonish of it, to urge to it (cf. II. A.):E.non docet admonitio, sed advertit,
i. e. directs attention, Sen. Ep. 94:advertit ea res Vespasiani animum, ut, etc.,
Tac. H. 3, 48.—Advertere in aliquem, for the more usual animadvertere in aliquem, to attend to one, i. e. to punish one (only in Tac.):1.in P. Marcium consules more prisco advertere,
Tac. A. 2, 32:ut in reliquos Sejani liberos adverteretur,
id. ib. 5, 9 (cf. id. Germ. 7, 3: animadvertere).—Hence,adversus (archaic advor-), a, um, P. a., turned to or toward a thing, with the face or front toward, standing over against, opposite, before, in front of (opp. aversus).A.In gen.:B.solem adversum intueri,
Cic. Somn. Scip. 5:Iris... Mille trahens varios adverso sole colores,
Verg. A. 4, 701; id. G. 1, 218:antipodes adversis vestigiis stant contra nostra vestigia,
Cic. Ac. 2, 39: dentes adversi acuti ( the sharp front teeth) morsu dividunt escas, Cic. N. D. 2, 54:quod is collis, tantum adversus in latitudinem patebat, quantum etc.,
Caes. B. G. 2, 8 Herz. So, hostes adversi, who make front against one advancing or retreating, id. ib. 2, 24:L. Cotta legatus in adversum os fundā vulneratur,
in front, Caes. B. G. 5, 35; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 1; Liv. 21, 7 fin. al.; hence, vulnus adversum, a wound in front (on the contr., vulnus aversum, a wound in the back), Cic. Har. Resp. 19:adversis vulneribus,
Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 35, 4:judicibus cicatrices adversas ostendere,
Cic. de Or. 2, 28:cicatrices populus Romanus aspiceret adverso corpore exceptas,
id. Verr. 5, 3:impetus hostium adversos, Auct. B. Alex. 8: Romani advorso colle evadunt,
ascend the hill in front, Sall. J. 52:adversa signa,
Liv. 30, 8:legiones quas Visellius et C. Silius adversis itineribus objecerant,
i. e. marches in which they went to meet the enemy, Tac. A. 3, 42: sed adverso fulgure ( by a flash of lightning falling directly before him) pavefactus est Nero, Suet. Ner. 48:armenta egit Hannibal in adversos montes,
Quint. 2, 17, 19; cf. Lucr. 3, 1013; so Hor. S. 1, 1, 103; 2, 3, 205:qui timet his adversa,
the opposite of this, id. Ep. 1, 6, 9 al. —Hence, of rivers: flumine adverso, up the stream, against the stream:in adversum flumen contendere,
Lucr. 4, 423:adverso feruntur flumine,
id. 6, 720; so Verg. G. 1, 201:adverso amne,
Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 33;adverso Tiberi subvehi,
Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 22, 3 (opp. to secundā aquā, down stream, with the stream:rate in secundam aquam labente,
Liv. 21, 47, 3); and of winds, opposed to a vessel's course, head winds, contrary winds, consequently unfavorable, adverse:navigationes adversis ventis praecluduntur, Auct. B. Alex. 8: adversissimi navigantibus venti,
Caes. B. C. 3, 107.— Subst.: adversum, i, the opposite: hic ventus a septentrionibus oriens adversum tenet Athenis proficiscentibus, [p. 50] holds the opposite to those sailing from Athens, i. e. blows against them, Nep. Milt. 1 (so Nipperdey; but v. Hand, Turs. I. p. 183). — Adv.: ex adverso, also written exadverso and exadversum, opposite to, over against, ek tou enantiou:portus ex adverso urbi positus,
Liv. 45, 10.—With gen.:Patrae ex adverso Aetoliae et fluminis Eveni,
Plin. 4, 4, 5, § 11.—Without case:cum ex adverso starent classes,
Just. 2, 14; so Suet. Caes. 39; Tib. 33.—In adversum, to the opposite side, against:et duo in adversum immissi per moenia currus,
against each other, Prop. 3, 9, 23; so Gell. 2, 30; cf. Verg. A. 8, 237;in adversum Romani subiere,
Liv. 1, 12; 7, 23.—In hostile opposition to, adverse to, unfavorable, unpropitious (opp. secundus; frequent and class.): conqueri fortunam adversam, Pac. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 21, 50:hic dies pervorsus atque advorsus mihi obtigit,
Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 1:advorsus nemini,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 37:mentes improborum mihi infensae et adversae,
Cic. Sull. 10:acclamatio,
id. de Or. 2, 83: adversā avi aliquid facere, vet. poët. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 16:adversis auspiciis,
Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 64, 6:adversum omen,
Suet. Vit. 8:adversissima auspicia,
id. Oth. 8: adversae res, misfortune, calamity, adverse fortune:ut adversas res, sic secundas immoderate ferre levitatis est,
Cic. Off. 1, 26; cf.:adversi casus,
Nep. Dat. 5:adversae rerum undae,
a sea of troubles, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 22: omnia secundissima nobis, adversissima illis accidisse, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 9 (the sup. is found also in Cæs. B. C. 3, 107):quae magistratus ille dicet, secundis auribus, quae ab nostrum quo dicentur, adversis accipietis?
Liv. 6, 40:adversus annus frugibus,
id. 4, 12:valetudo adversa,
i. e. sickness, id. 10, 32:adversum proelium,
an unsuccessful engagement, id. 7, 29; cf.8, 31: adverso rumore esse,
to be in bad repute, to have a bad reputation, Tac. Ann. 14, 11:adversa subsellia,
on which the opposition sit, Quint. 6, 1, 39.—Sometimes met. of feeling, contrary to, hated, hateful, odious:quīs omnia regna advorsa sint,
Sall. J. 83; cf. Luc. 2, 229 Bentl.— Comp.:neque est aliud adversius,
Plin. 32, 4, 14, § 35.—* Adv.: adver-sē, self-contradictorily, Gell. 3, 16.— ad-versum, i, subst., esp. in the plur. adversa, misfortune, calamity, disaster, adversity, evil, mischief:C.advorsa ejus per te tecta sient,
Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 28:nihil adversi,
Cic. Brut. 1, 4:si quid adversi accidisset,
Nep. Alc. 8; cf. Liv. 22, 40; 35, 13:secunda felices, adversa magnos probant,
Plin. Pan. 31;esp. freq. in Tac.: prospera et adversa pop. Rom., Ann. 1, 1: adversa tempestatum et fluctuum,
id. Agr. 25; so id. A. 3, 24; 45; 2, 69; 4, 13 al.— Subst.: adversus, i, m., an opponent, adversary (rare):multosque mortalīs ea causa advorsos habeo,
Sall. C. 52, 7.—In Quint. also once ad-versa, ae, f., subst., a female opponent or adversary: natura noverca fuerit, si facultatem dicendi sociam scelerum, adversam innocentiae, invenit, 12, 1, 2.—In rhet., opposed to another of the same genus, e. g. sapientia and stultitia: “Haec quae ex eodem genere contraria sunt, appellantur adversa,” Cic. Top. 11.3.adversus or adversum (archaic advor-) (like rursus and rursum, prorsus and prorsum, quorsus and quorsum), adv. and prep., denoting direction to or toward an object (syn.: contra, in with acc., ad, erga).A.Adv.: opposite to, against, to, or toward a thing, in a friendly or hostile sense:B. 1.ibo advorsum,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 29:facito, ut venias advorsum mihi,
id. Men. 2, 3, 82:obsecro te, matri ne quid tuae advorsus fuas, Liv. And. ap. Non. s. v. fuam, 111, 12 (Trag. Rel. p. 3 Rib.): quis hic est, qui advorsus it mihi?
Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 22:adversus resistere,
Nep. Pelop. 1, 3:nemo adversus ibat,
Liv. 37, 13, 8 al. In Plaut. and Ter. advorsum ire, or venire, to go to meet; also of a slave, to go to meet his master and bring him from a place (hence adversitor, q. v.):solus nunc eo advorsum hero ex plurimis servis,
Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 23:ei advorsum venimus,
id. ib. 4, 2, 32; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 2 Ruhnk.—In a friendly sense.(α).Of place, turned to or toward, opposite to, before, facing, over against: qui cotidie unguentatus adversum speculum ornetur, before the mirror, Scipio ap. Gell. 7, 12:(β).adversus advocatos,
Liv. 45, 7, 5:medicus debet residere illustri loco adversus aegrum,
opposite to the patient, Cels. 3, 6:adversus Scyllam vergens in Italiam,
Plin. 3, 8, 14, § 87:Lerina, adversum Antipolim,
id. 3, 5, 11, § 79.—In the presence of any one, before:(γ).egone ut te advorsum mentiar, mater mea?
Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 9: idque gratum fuisse advorsum te habeo gratiam, I am thankful that this is acceptable before ( to) thee, Ter. And. 1, 1, 15: paululum adversus praesentem fortitudinem mollitus, somewhat softened at such firmness (of his wife), Tac. A. 15, 63.—Hence very often with verbs of speaking, answering, complaining, etc., to declare or express one's self to any one, to excuse one's self or apologize, and the like: te oportet hoc proloqui advorsum illam mihi, Enn. ap. Non. 232, 24 (Trag. v. 385 Vahl.):immo si audias, quae dicta dixit me advorsum tibi,
what he told me of you, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 47: de vita ac morte domini fabulavere advorsum fratrem illius, Afran. ap. Non. 232, 25:mulier, credo, advorsum illum res suas conqueritur,
Titin. ib. 232, 21:utendum est excusatione etiam adversus eos, quos invitus offendas,
Cic. Off. 2, 19, 68; Tac. A. 3, 71.— With that to which a reply is made, to (= ad):adversus ea consul... respondit,
Liv. 4, 10, 12; 22, 40, 1; cf. Drak. ad 3, 57, 1.—In comparison, as if one thing were held toward, set against, or before another (v. ad, I. D. 4.); against, in comparison with, compared to:(δ).repente lectus adversus veterem imperatorem comparabitur,
will be compared with, Liv. 24, 8, 8:quid autem esse duo prospera bella Samnitium adversus tot decora populi Rom.,
id. 7, 32, 8.—Of demeanor toward one, to, toward:(ε).quonam modo me gererem adversus Caesarem,
Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 11:te adversus me omnia audere gratum est,
i. e. on my account, on my behalf, for my advantage, id. ib. 9, 22, 15:lentae adversum imperia aures,
Tac. A. 1, 65.—Esp. often of friendly feeling, love, esteem, respect toward or for one (cf. Ruhnk. ad Ter. And. 4, 1, 15; Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 9, 22; Heusing. ad Cic. Off. 1, 11, 1;Hab. Syn. 49): est enim pietas justitia adversus deos,
Cic. N. D. 1, 41, 116; id. Off. 3, 6, 28:adhibenda est igitur quaedam reverentia adversus homines,
id. ib. 1, 28, 99 Beier:sunt quaedam officia adversus eos servanda, a quibus injuriam acceperis,
id. ib. 1, 11, 33:adversus merita ingratissimus,
Vell. 2, 69, 5:summa adversus alios aequitas erat,
Liv. 3, 33, 8:ob egregiam fidem adversus Romanos,
id. 29, 8, 2; so id. 45, 8, 4 al.:beneficentiā adversus supplices utendum,
Tac. A. 11, 17.— More rarelyof the general relation of an object or act to a person or thing (v. ad, I. D. 1.), in relation, in respect, or in regard to a thing:2.epistula, ut adversus magistrum morum, modestior,
as addressed to a censor of manners, Cic. Fam. 3, 13, 8:quasi adversus eos acquieverit sententiae,
in regard to the same, Dig. 49, 1; 3, 1.—In a hostile sense, against (the most usual class. signif. of this word): “Contra et adversus ita differunt, quod contra, ad locum, ut: contra basilicam; adversus, ad animi motum, ut: adversus illum facio; interdum autem promiscue accipitur,” Charis. p. 207 P.; cf. Cort. ad Sall. J. 101, 8:► a.advorsum legem accepisti a plurimis pecuniam,
Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 48:advorsum te fabulare illud,
against thy interest, to thy disadvantage, id. Stich. 4, 2, 11:stultus est advorsus aetatem et capitis canitudinem, id. ap. Fest. s. v. canitudinem, p. 47: advorsum animi tui libidinem,
Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 19:adversum leges, adversum rem publicam,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 195:respondebat, SI PARET, ADVERSUM EDICTUM FECISSE,
id. ib. 2, 3, 28, §69: me adversus populum Romanum possem defendere,
id. Phil. 1, 13 al. —In the histt., of a hostile attack, approach, etc.:gladiis districtis impetum adversus montem in cohortes faciunt,
Caes. B. C. 1, 46:adversus se non esse missos exercitus,
Liv. 3, 66:bellum adversum Xerxem moret,
Aur. Vict. Caes. 24, 3:copiis quibus usi adversus Romanum bellum,
Liv. 8, 2, 5:adversus vim atque injuriam pugnantes,
id. 26, 25, 10 al.:T. Quintius adversus Gallos missus est,
Eutr. 2, 2: Athenienses adversus tantam tempestatem belli duos duces deligunt, Just. 3, 6, 12 al.—Among physicians, of preventives against sickness, against (v. ad, I. A. 2.):adversus profusionem in his auxilium est,
Cels. 5, 26; 6, 27 al.:frigidus jam artus et cluso corpore adversum vim veneni,
Tac. A. 15, 64.— Trop.:egregium adversus tempestates receptaculum,
Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 4; so id. ib. 2, 15, 36.—Hence: firmus, invictus, fortis adversus aliquid (like contra), protected against a thing, firm, fixed, secure:advorsum divitias animum invictum gerebat,
Sall. J. 43, 5:invictus adversum gratiam animus,
Tac. A. 15, 21:adversus convicia malosque rumores firmus ac patiens,
Suet. Tib. 28:Adversus omnes fortis feras canis,
Phaedr. 5, 10, 1; and in opp. sense: infirmus, inferior adversus aliquid, powerless against, unequal to:fama, infirmissimum adversus vivos fortes telum,
Curt. 4, 14:infirmus adversum pecuniam,
Aur. Vict. Caes. 9, 6:inferior adversus laborem,
id. Epit. 40, 20.Adversus is rarely put after the word which it governs:b.egone ut te advorsum mentiar,
Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 9:hunc adversus,
Nep. Con. 2, 2; id. Tim. 4, 3:quos advorsum ierat,
Sall. J. 101, 8.—It sometimes suffers tmesis:Labienum ad Oceanum versus proficisci jubet,
Caes. B. G. 6, 33:animadvortit fugam ad se vorsum fieri,
Sall. J. 58:animum advortere ad se vorsum exercitum pergere,
id. ib. 69: ad Cordubam versus iter facere coepit, Auct. B. Hisp. 10 and 11; cf. in-versus:in Galliam vorsus castra movere,
Sall. C. 56; Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12; Traj. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 78; the Eng. to-ward: to us ward, Psa. 40, 5; and the Gr. eis-de: eis halade, Hom. Od. 10, 351. -
14 advorto
ad-verto (archaic advor-), ti, sum, 3, v. a., to turn a thing to or toward a place (in this signif., without animus; mostly poet.; syn.: observare, animadvertere, videre, cognoscere).I.Lit.A.In gen., with in or dat.:B.illa sese huc advorterat in hanc nostram plateam,
Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 51:in quamcunque domus lumina partem,
Ov. M. 6, 180; cf. id. ib. 8, 482:malis numen,
Verg. A. 4, 611:huc aures, huc, quaeso, advertite sensus,
Sil. 16, 213; cf. id. 6, 105.—Esp., a naut. t. t., to turn, direct, steer a ship to a place:II.classem in portum,
Liv. 37, 9 Drak.:terrae proras,
Verg. A. 7, 35; id. G. 4, 117 al.:Colchos puppim,
Ov. H. 12, 23.— Absol.:profugi advertere coloni,
landed, Sil. 1, 288;hence also transf. to other things: aequore cursum,
Verg. A. 7, 196:pedem ripae,
id. ib. 6, 386:urbi agmen,
id. ib. 12, 555: adverti with acc. poet. for verti ad:Scythicas advertitur oras,
Ov. M. 5, 649 (cf. adducor litora remis, id. ib. 3, 598, and Rudd. II. p. 327).Fig.A.Animum (in the poets and Livy also animos, rarely mentem) advertere; absol., or with adv. or ad aliquid, or alicui rei, to direct the mind, thoughts, or attention to a thing, to advert to, give attention to, attend to, to heed, observe, remark:B.si voles advortere animum, Enn. ap. Var. L. L. 7, § 89 Müll. (Trag. v. 386 Vahl.): facete advortis animum tuum ad animum meum,
Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 39:nunc huc animum advortite ambo,
id. ib. 3, 1, 169:advertunt animos ad religionem,
Lucr. 3, 54:monitis animos advertite nostris,
Ov. M. 15, 140:animum etiam levissimis rebus adverterent,
Tac. A. 13, 49.—With ne, when the object of attention is expressed:ut animum advertant, ne quos offendant,
Cic. Off. 2, 19, 68:adverterent animos, ne quid novi tumultūs oriretur,
Liv. 4, 45.—Animum advertere, to observe a thing by directing the mind to it, to observe, to notice, to remark, to perceive (in the class. period contracted to animadvertere, q. v.).—Constr. with two accusatives, animum advertere aliquid (where aliquid may be regarded as depending on the prep. in comp., Roby, § 1118, or on animum advertere, considered as one idea, to observe), with acc. and inf., or rel. clause (the first mode of construction, most frequent with the pronouns id, hoc, illud, etc., is for the most part ante-class., and appears in Caes., Cic., and Sall. as an archaism):C.et hoc animum advorte,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 43:hanc edictionem,
id. ib. 1, 2, 10:haec animum te advertere par est,
Lucr. 2, 125:animum adverti columellam e dumis eminentem,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 65; id. Inv. 2, 51, 153:Postquam id animum advertit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 24; 4, 12:quidam Ligus animum advortit inter saxa repentīs cocleas,
Sall. J. 93, 2. In Vitruv. once with hinc:ut etiam possumus hinc animum advertere,
as we can hence perceive, Vitr. 10, 22, 262.—With the acc. and inf.:postquam tantopere id vos velle animum advorteram,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 16:animum advertit magnas esse copiashostium instructas,
Caes. B. G. 5, 18: cum animum adverteret locum relictum esse, Auct. B. Alex. 31; ib. 46.—With the rel. clause: nunc quam rem vitio dent, quaeso, animum advortite, Ter. And. prol. 8: quid ille sperare possit, animum adverte, Dolab. ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 9:quam multarum rerum ipse ignarus esset... animum advertit,
Liv. 24, 48. Sometimes advertere alone = animum advertere; so once in Cicero's letters: nam advertebatur Pompeii familiares assentiri Volcatio, Fam. 1, 1 (although here, as well as almost everywhere, the readings fluctuate between advertere and animadvertere; cf. Orell. ad h. l.; animadvertebatur, B. and K.). So Verg. in the imp.:qua ratione quod instat, Confieri possit, paucis, adverte, docebo,
attend! Verg. A. 4, 115.—In the histt., esp. Tac. and Pliny, more frequently:donec advertit Tiberius,
Tac. A. 4, 54:Zenobiam advertere pastores,
id. ib. 12, 51:advertere quosdam cultu externo in sedibus senatorum,
id. ib. 13, 54:quotiens novum aliquid adverterat,
id. ib. 15, 30 al.:hirudo quam sanguisugam appellari adverto,
Plin. 8, 10, 10, § 29:ut multos adverto credidisse,
id. 2, 67, 67, § 168. Still more rarely, advertere animo:animis advertite vestris,
Verg. A. 2, 712:hanc scientiam ad nostros pervenisse animo adverto,
Plin. 25, 2, 3, § 5; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 4, 27, 8.—To draw or turn something, esp. the attention of another, to or upon one's self (in the histt.):D.gemitus ac planctus militum aures oraque advertere,
Tac. A. 1, 41:octo aquilae imperatorem advertere,
id. ib. 2, 17: recentia veteraque odia advertit, drew them on himself, id. ib. 4, 21 al.—To call the attention of one to a definite act, i. e. to admonish of it, to urge to it (cf. II. A.):E.non docet admonitio, sed advertit,
i. e. directs attention, Sen. Ep. 94:advertit ea res Vespasiani animum, ut, etc.,
Tac. H. 3, 48.—Advertere in aliquem, for the more usual animadvertere in aliquem, to attend to one, i. e. to punish one (only in Tac.):1.in P. Marcium consules more prisco advertere,
Tac. A. 2, 32:ut in reliquos Sejani liberos adverteretur,
id. ib. 5, 9 (cf. id. Germ. 7, 3: animadvertere).—Hence,adversus (archaic advor-), a, um, P. a., turned to or toward a thing, with the face or front toward, standing over against, opposite, before, in front of (opp. aversus).A.In gen.:B.solem adversum intueri,
Cic. Somn. Scip. 5:Iris... Mille trahens varios adverso sole colores,
Verg. A. 4, 701; id. G. 1, 218:antipodes adversis vestigiis stant contra nostra vestigia,
Cic. Ac. 2, 39: dentes adversi acuti ( the sharp front teeth) morsu dividunt escas, Cic. N. D. 2, 54:quod is collis, tantum adversus in latitudinem patebat, quantum etc.,
Caes. B. G. 2, 8 Herz. So, hostes adversi, who make front against one advancing or retreating, id. ib. 2, 24:L. Cotta legatus in adversum os fundā vulneratur,
in front, Caes. B. G. 5, 35; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 1; Liv. 21, 7 fin. al.; hence, vulnus adversum, a wound in front (on the contr., vulnus aversum, a wound in the back), Cic. Har. Resp. 19:adversis vulneribus,
Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 35, 4:judicibus cicatrices adversas ostendere,
Cic. de Or. 2, 28:cicatrices populus Romanus aspiceret adverso corpore exceptas,
id. Verr. 5, 3:impetus hostium adversos, Auct. B. Alex. 8: Romani advorso colle evadunt,
ascend the hill in front, Sall. J. 52:adversa signa,
Liv. 30, 8:legiones quas Visellius et C. Silius adversis itineribus objecerant,
i. e. marches in which they went to meet the enemy, Tac. A. 3, 42: sed adverso fulgure ( by a flash of lightning falling directly before him) pavefactus est Nero, Suet. Ner. 48:armenta egit Hannibal in adversos montes,
Quint. 2, 17, 19; cf. Lucr. 3, 1013; so Hor. S. 1, 1, 103; 2, 3, 205:qui timet his adversa,
the opposite of this, id. Ep. 1, 6, 9 al. —Hence, of rivers: flumine adverso, up the stream, against the stream:in adversum flumen contendere,
Lucr. 4, 423:adverso feruntur flumine,
id. 6, 720; so Verg. G. 1, 201:adverso amne,
Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 33;adverso Tiberi subvehi,
Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 22, 3 (opp. to secundā aquā, down stream, with the stream:rate in secundam aquam labente,
Liv. 21, 47, 3); and of winds, opposed to a vessel's course, head winds, contrary winds, consequently unfavorable, adverse:navigationes adversis ventis praecluduntur, Auct. B. Alex. 8: adversissimi navigantibus venti,
Caes. B. C. 3, 107.— Subst.: adversum, i, the opposite: hic ventus a septentrionibus oriens adversum tenet Athenis proficiscentibus, [p. 50] holds the opposite to those sailing from Athens, i. e. blows against them, Nep. Milt. 1 (so Nipperdey; but v. Hand, Turs. I. p. 183). — Adv.: ex adverso, also written exadverso and exadversum, opposite to, over against, ek tou enantiou:portus ex adverso urbi positus,
Liv. 45, 10.—With gen.:Patrae ex adverso Aetoliae et fluminis Eveni,
Plin. 4, 4, 5, § 11.—Without case:cum ex adverso starent classes,
Just. 2, 14; so Suet. Caes. 39; Tib. 33.—In adversum, to the opposite side, against:et duo in adversum immissi per moenia currus,
against each other, Prop. 3, 9, 23; so Gell. 2, 30; cf. Verg. A. 8, 237;in adversum Romani subiere,
Liv. 1, 12; 7, 23.—In hostile opposition to, adverse to, unfavorable, unpropitious (opp. secundus; frequent and class.): conqueri fortunam adversam, Pac. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 21, 50:hic dies pervorsus atque advorsus mihi obtigit,
Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 1:advorsus nemini,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 37:mentes improborum mihi infensae et adversae,
Cic. Sull. 10:acclamatio,
id. de Or. 2, 83: adversā avi aliquid facere, vet. poët. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 16:adversis auspiciis,
Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 64, 6:adversum omen,
Suet. Vit. 8:adversissima auspicia,
id. Oth. 8: adversae res, misfortune, calamity, adverse fortune:ut adversas res, sic secundas immoderate ferre levitatis est,
Cic. Off. 1, 26; cf.:adversi casus,
Nep. Dat. 5:adversae rerum undae,
a sea of troubles, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 22: omnia secundissima nobis, adversissima illis accidisse, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 9 (the sup. is found also in Cæs. B. C. 3, 107):quae magistratus ille dicet, secundis auribus, quae ab nostrum quo dicentur, adversis accipietis?
Liv. 6, 40:adversus annus frugibus,
id. 4, 12:valetudo adversa,
i. e. sickness, id. 10, 32:adversum proelium,
an unsuccessful engagement, id. 7, 29; cf.8, 31: adverso rumore esse,
to be in bad repute, to have a bad reputation, Tac. Ann. 14, 11:adversa subsellia,
on which the opposition sit, Quint. 6, 1, 39.—Sometimes met. of feeling, contrary to, hated, hateful, odious:quīs omnia regna advorsa sint,
Sall. J. 83; cf. Luc. 2, 229 Bentl.— Comp.:neque est aliud adversius,
Plin. 32, 4, 14, § 35.—* Adv.: adver-sē, self-contradictorily, Gell. 3, 16.— ad-versum, i, subst., esp. in the plur. adversa, misfortune, calamity, disaster, adversity, evil, mischief:C.advorsa ejus per te tecta sient,
Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 28:nihil adversi,
Cic. Brut. 1, 4:si quid adversi accidisset,
Nep. Alc. 8; cf. Liv. 22, 40; 35, 13:secunda felices, adversa magnos probant,
Plin. Pan. 31;esp. freq. in Tac.: prospera et adversa pop. Rom., Ann. 1, 1: adversa tempestatum et fluctuum,
id. Agr. 25; so id. A. 3, 24; 45; 2, 69; 4, 13 al.— Subst.: adversus, i, m., an opponent, adversary (rare):multosque mortalīs ea causa advorsos habeo,
Sall. C. 52, 7.—In Quint. also once ad-versa, ae, f., subst., a female opponent or adversary: natura noverca fuerit, si facultatem dicendi sociam scelerum, adversam innocentiae, invenit, 12, 1, 2.—In rhet., opposed to another of the same genus, e. g. sapientia and stultitia: “Haec quae ex eodem genere contraria sunt, appellantur adversa,” Cic. Top. 11.3.adversus or adversum (archaic advor-) (like rursus and rursum, prorsus and prorsum, quorsus and quorsum), adv. and prep., denoting direction to or toward an object (syn.: contra, in with acc., ad, erga).A.Adv.: opposite to, against, to, or toward a thing, in a friendly or hostile sense:B. 1.ibo advorsum,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 29:facito, ut venias advorsum mihi,
id. Men. 2, 3, 82:obsecro te, matri ne quid tuae advorsus fuas, Liv. And. ap. Non. s. v. fuam, 111, 12 (Trag. Rel. p. 3 Rib.): quis hic est, qui advorsus it mihi?
Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 22:adversus resistere,
Nep. Pelop. 1, 3:nemo adversus ibat,
Liv. 37, 13, 8 al. In Plaut. and Ter. advorsum ire, or venire, to go to meet; also of a slave, to go to meet his master and bring him from a place (hence adversitor, q. v.):solus nunc eo advorsum hero ex plurimis servis,
Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 23:ei advorsum venimus,
id. ib. 4, 2, 32; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 2 Ruhnk.—In a friendly sense.(α).Of place, turned to or toward, opposite to, before, facing, over against: qui cotidie unguentatus adversum speculum ornetur, before the mirror, Scipio ap. Gell. 7, 12:(β).adversus advocatos,
Liv. 45, 7, 5:medicus debet residere illustri loco adversus aegrum,
opposite to the patient, Cels. 3, 6:adversus Scyllam vergens in Italiam,
Plin. 3, 8, 14, § 87:Lerina, adversum Antipolim,
id. 3, 5, 11, § 79.—In the presence of any one, before:(γ).egone ut te advorsum mentiar, mater mea?
Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 9: idque gratum fuisse advorsum te habeo gratiam, I am thankful that this is acceptable before ( to) thee, Ter. And. 1, 1, 15: paululum adversus praesentem fortitudinem mollitus, somewhat softened at such firmness (of his wife), Tac. A. 15, 63.—Hence very often with verbs of speaking, answering, complaining, etc., to declare or express one's self to any one, to excuse one's self or apologize, and the like: te oportet hoc proloqui advorsum illam mihi, Enn. ap. Non. 232, 24 (Trag. v. 385 Vahl.):immo si audias, quae dicta dixit me advorsum tibi,
what he told me of you, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 47: de vita ac morte domini fabulavere advorsum fratrem illius, Afran. ap. Non. 232, 25:mulier, credo, advorsum illum res suas conqueritur,
Titin. ib. 232, 21:utendum est excusatione etiam adversus eos, quos invitus offendas,
Cic. Off. 2, 19, 68; Tac. A. 3, 71.— With that to which a reply is made, to (= ad):adversus ea consul... respondit,
Liv. 4, 10, 12; 22, 40, 1; cf. Drak. ad 3, 57, 1.—In comparison, as if one thing were held toward, set against, or before another (v. ad, I. D. 4.); against, in comparison with, compared to:(δ).repente lectus adversus veterem imperatorem comparabitur,
will be compared with, Liv. 24, 8, 8:quid autem esse duo prospera bella Samnitium adversus tot decora populi Rom.,
id. 7, 32, 8.—Of demeanor toward one, to, toward:(ε).quonam modo me gererem adversus Caesarem,
Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 11:te adversus me omnia audere gratum est,
i. e. on my account, on my behalf, for my advantage, id. ib. 9, 22, 15:lentae adversum imperia aures,
Tac. A. 1, 65.—Esp. often of friendly feeling, love, esteem, respect toward or for one (cf. Ruhnk. ad Ter. And. 4, 1, 15; Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 9, 22; Heusing. ad Cic. Off. 1, 11, 1;Hab. Syn. 49): est enim pietas justitia adversus deos,
Cic. N. D. 1, 41, 116; id. Off. 3, 6, 28:adhibenda est igitur quaedam reverentia adversus homines,
id. ib. 1, 28, 99 Beier:sunt quaedam officia adversus eos servanda, a quibus injuriam acceperis,
id. ib. 1, 11, 33:adversus merita ingratissimus,
Vell. 2, 69, 5:summa adversus alios aequitas erat,
Liv. 3, 33, 8:ob egregiam fidem adversus Romanos,
id. 29, 8, 2; so id. 45, 8, 4 al.:beneficentiā adversus supplices utendum,
Tac. A. 11, 17.— More rarelyof the general relation of an object or act to a person or thing (v. ad, I. D. 1.), in relation, in respect, or in regard to a thing:2.epistula, ut adversus magistrum morum, modestior,
as addressed to a censor of manners, Cic. Fam. 3, 13, 8:quasi adversus eos acquieverit sententiae,
in regard to the same, Dig. 49, 1; 3, 1.—In a hostile sense, against (the most usual class. signif. of this word): “Contra et adversus ita differunt, quod contra, ad locum, ut: contra basilicam; adversus, ad animi motum, ut: adversus illum facio; interdum autem promiscue accipitur,” Charis. p. 207 P.; cf. Cort. ad Sall. J. 101, 8:► a.advorsum legem accepisti a plurimis pecuniam,
Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 48:advorsum te fabulare illud,
against thy interest, to thy disadvantage, id. Stich. 4, 2, 11:stultus est advorsus aetatem et capitis canitudinem, id. ap. Fest. s. v. canitudinem, p. 47: advorsum animi tui libidinem,
Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 19:adversum leges, adversum rem publicam,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 195:respondebat, SI PARET, ADVERSUM EDICTUM FECISSE,
id. ib. 2, 3, 28, §69: me adversus populum Romanum possem defendere,
id. Phil. 1, 13 al. —In the histt., of a hostile attack, approach, etc.:gladiis districtis impetum adversus montem in cohortes faciunt,
Caes. B. C. 1, 46:adversus se non esse missos exercitus,
Liv. 3, 66:bellum adversum Xerxem moret,
Aur. Vict. Caes. 24, 3:copiis quibus usi adversus Romanum bellum,
Liv. 8, 2, 5:adversus vim atque injuriam pugnantes,
id. 26, 25, 10 al.:T. Quintius adversus Gallos missus est,
Eutr. 2, 2: Athenienses adversus tantam tempestatem belli duos duces deligunt, Just. 3, 6, 12 al.—Among physicians, of preventives against sickness, against (v. ad, I. A. 2.):adversus profusionem in his auxilium est,
Cels. 5, 26; 6, 27 al.:frigidus jam artus et cluso corpore adversum vim veneni,
Tac. A. 15, 64.— Trop.:egregium adversus tempestates receptaculum,
Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 4; so id. ib. 2, 15, 36.—Hence: firmus, invictus, fortis adversus aliquid (like contra), protected against a thing, firm, fixed, secure:advorsum divitias animum invictum gerebat,
Sall. J. 43, 5:invictus adversum gratiam animus,
Tac. A. 15, 21:adversus convicia malosque rumores firmus ac patiens,
Suet. Tib. 28:Adversus omnes fortis feras canis,
Phaedr. 5, 10, 1; and in opp. sense: infirmus, inferior adversus aliquid, powerless against, unequal to:fama, infirmissimum adversus vivos fortes telum,
Curt. 4, 14:infirmus adversum pecuniam,
Aur. Vict. Caes. 9, 6:inferior adversus laborem,
id. Epit. 40, 20.Adversus is rarely put after the word which it governs:b.egone ut te advorsum mentiar,
Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 9:hunc adversus,
Nep. Con. 2, 2; id. Tim. 4, 3:quos advorsum ierat,
Sall. J. 101, 8.—It sometimes suffers tmesis:Labienum ad Oceanum versus proficisci jubet,
Caes. B. G. 6, 33:animadvortit fugam ad se vorsum fieri,
Sall. J. 58:animum advortere ad se vorsum exercitum pergere,
id. ib. 69: ad Cordubam versus iter facere coepit, Auct. B. Hisp. 10 and 11; cf. in-versus:in Galliam vorsus castra movere,
Sall. C. 56; Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12; Traj. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 78; the Eng. to-ward: to us ward, Psa. 40, 5; and the Gr. eis-de: eis halade, Hom. Od. 10, 351. -
15 inquiéter
inquiéter [ɛ̃kjete]➭ TABLE 61. transitive verb• ils n'ont jamais pu inquiéter leurs adversaires (Sport) they never presented a real threat to their opponents2. reflexive verba. ( = s'alarmer) to worryb. ( = s'enquérir) s'inquiéter de to inquire about• s'inquiéter de l'heure/de la santé de qn to inquire what time it is/about sb's healthc. ( = se soucier) s'inquiéter de to bother about• sans s'inquiéter de savoir si... without bothering to find out if...* * *ɛ̃kjete
1.
1) ( soucier) to worryle phénomène commence à inquiéter les spécialistes — specialists are beginning to be concerned about the phenomenon
2) ( demander des comptes à)3) ( harceler) fml to harass [pays, région]4) (colloq) ( mettre en difficulté) to threaten [adversaire]
2.
s'inquiéter verbe pronominal1) ( s'alarmer) to worry, to get worriedil n'y a pas de quoi s'inquiéter — there's nothing to get worried about ou to worry about
2) ( se soucier)3) ( s'enquérir)s'inquiéter de savoir si/combien — to inquire whether/how much
* * *ɛ̃kjete vt1) (= préoccuper) to worryÇa m'inquiète, cette infection. — This infection's worrying me.
Son retard m'inquiète beaucoup. — I'm very worried that he's so late.
2) (= harceler) to botherIls n'ont pas été inquiétés par la police. — The police didn't bother them.
3) SPORT* * *inquiéter verb table: céderA vtr1 ( soucier) to worry; ce que vous venez de me dire m'inquiète un peu I find what you've just told me rather worrying; le phénomène commence à inquiéter les spécialistes specialists are beginning to be concerned about the phenomenon;2 ( demander des comptes à) [police, douanier] to bother, to trouble; les douaniers ne l'ont pas inquiété the customs officers didn't bother him; faire qch sans être inquiété ( pour une action courte) to do sth without being disturbed; ( pour une action longue) to do sth without interference; ils ont eu deux heures pour vider le coffre sans être inquiétés they had two hours to empty the safe without being disturbed; pendant la guerre il a pu continuer ses activités sans être inquiété during the war he was able to continue his activities undisturbed; il a pu quitter le pays sans être inquiété he was able to leave the country without any trouble;4 ○( mettre en difficulté) to worry, to threaten [équipe, adversaire]; to threaten [hiérarchie, chef, influence].B s'inquiéter vpr1 ( s'alarmer) to worry, to get worried; ne t'inquiète pas il a dû être retardé don't worry, he must have been delayed; téléphone à tes parents sinon ils vont s'inquiéter telephone your parents otherwise they'll get ou be worried; il n'est que midi, je ne m'inquiète pas I'm not worried, it's only twelve o'clock; je commence à m'inquiéter I'm beginning to get worried; il ne s'est pas inquiété he didn't get worried; il s'inquiète he's worried; s'inquiéter de qch to be worried about sth, to get worried about sth; il n'y a pas de quoi s'inquiéter there's nothing to get worried about, there's nothing to worry about; je m'inquiète de ne pas l'avoir vu aujourd'hui I'm worried that I haven't seen him today; s'inquiéter des conséquences/du danger de to worry about the consequences/danger of; s'inquiéter pour to worry about; ne t'inquiète pas pour elle don't worry about her; c'est surtout pour lui que je m'inquiète it's him in particular I'm worried about;2 ( s'enquérir) s'inquiéter de qch to inquire about sth; s'inquiéter de savoir si/combien to inquire (as to) whether/how much.[ɛ̃kjete] verbe transitifqu'est-ce qui t'inquiète? what are you worried about?, what's worrying you?ces nouvelles ont de quoi inquiéter this news is quite disturbing ou worrying ou alarmingils ont vidé les coffres sans être inquiétés they were able to empty the safes without being disturbed ou interrupted————————s'inquiéter verbe pronominal intransitifil y a de quoi s'inquiéter that's something to be worried about, there's real cause for concerns'inquiéter au sujet de ou pour quelqu'un to be worried ou concerned about somebodyje m'inquiète beaucoup de le savoir seul it worries ou troubles me a lot to know that he's alone————————s'inquiéter de verbe pronominal plus préposition1. [tenir compte de] to bother ou to worry about2. [s'occuper de] to see to somethinget son cadeau? — je m'en inquiéterai plus tard what about her present? — I'll see about that ou take care of that lateroù tu vas? — t'inquiète! (familier) where are you off to? — mind your own business! ou what's it to you?3. [se renseigner sur] to inquire ou to ask about -
16 قلق
قَلَق \ anxiety: a feeling of fear and uncertainty about what may happen. care: anxiety; trouble: His mind is full of cares. concern: anxiety (about sth.): He feels concern about the old and ill. nervousness: anxiety. suspense: the state of being uncertain whether sth. will happen or not: He had a feeling of suspense as he waited for his examination results. trouble: anxiety; discomfort; difficulty: She told me all her troubles. uneasiness: anxiety; discomfort. unrest: discontent; restlessness: The fear of unemployment causes social unrest. worry: anxiety; a cause of anxiety: She became ill with worry. His son’s wild behaviour is a continual worry to him. \ See Also هم (هَمّ)، حيرة (حَيرَة)، اضطراب (اِضْطِراب)، انتظار (اِنْتِظار) -
17 anxiety
قَلَق \ anxiety: a feeling of fear and uncertainty about what may happen. care: anxiety; trouble: His mind is full of cares. concern: anxiety (about sth.): He feels concern about the old and ill. nervousness: anxiety. suspense: the state of being uncertain whether sth. will happen or not: He had a feeling of suspense as he waited for his examination results. trouble: anxiety; discomfort; difficulty: She told me all her troubles. uneasiness: anxiety; discomfort. unrest: discontent; restlessness: The fear of unemployment causes social unrest. worry: anxiety; a cause of anxiety: She became ill with worry. His son’s wild behaviour is a continual worry to him. \ See Also هم (هَمّ)، حيرة (حَيرَة)، اضطراب (اِضْطِراب)، انتظار (اِنْتِظار) -
18 care
قَلَق \ anxiety: a feeling of fear and uncertainty about what may happen. care: anxiety; trouble: His mind is full of cares. concern: anxiety (about sth.): He feels concern about the old and ill. nervousness: anxiety. suspense: the state of being uncertain whether sth. will happen or not: He had a feeling of suspense as he waited for his examination results. trouble: anxiety; discomfort; difficulty: She told me all her troubles. uneasiness: anxiety; discomfort. unrest: discontent; restlessness: The fear of unemployment causes social unrest. worry: anxiety; a cause of anxiety: She became ill with worry. His son’s wild behaviour is a continual worry to him. \ See Also هم (هَمّ)، حيرة (حَيرَة)، اضطراب (اِضْطِراب)، انتظار (اِنْتِظار) -
19 concern
قَلَق \ anxiety: a feeling of fear and uncertainty about what may happen. care: anxiety; trouble: His mind is full of cares. concern: anxiety (about sth.): He feels concern about the old and ill. nervousness: anxiety. suspense: the state of being uncertain whether sth. will happen or not: He had a feeling of suspense as he waited for his examination results. trouble: anxiety; discomfort; difficulty: She told me all her troubles. uneasiness: anxiety; discomfort. unrest: discontent; restlessness: The fear of unemployment causes social unrest. worry: anxiety; a cause of anxiety: She became ill with worry. His son’s wild behaviour is a continual worry to him. \ See Also هم (هَمّ)، حيرة (حَيرَة)، اضطراب (اِضْطِراب)، انتظار (اِنْتِظار) -
20 nervousness
قَلَق \ anxiety: a feeling of fear and uncertainty about what may happen. care: anxiety; trouble: His mind is full of cares. concern: anxiety (about sth.): He feels concern about the old and ill. nervousness: anxiety. suspense: the state of being uncertain whether sth. will happen or not: He had a feeling of suspense as he waited for his examination results. trouble: anxiety; discomfort; difficulty: She told me all her troubles. uneasiness: anxiety; discomfort. unrest: discontent; restlessness: The fear of unemployment causes social unrest. worry: anxiety; a cause of anxiety: She became ill with worry. His son’s wild behaviour is a continual worry to him. \ See Also هم (هَمّ)، حيرة (حَيرَة)، اضطراب (اِضْطِراب)، انتظار (اِنْتِظار)
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